Chapter 4

Question 0

Scientist…wave-particle duality

Answer 0

Einstein

Question 1

Scientist… Light as quanta of energy

Answer 1

Mac Planck

Question 2

Scientist…planetary model of the atom

Answer 2

Bohr

Question 3

Scientist…wavelike properties of electrons

Answer 3

Broglie

Question 4

Scientist…the uncertainty principle

Answer 4

Heisenberg

Question 5

Information scientists obtained for photoelectric effect

Answer 5

1. Frequency of light has to be above a certain minimum for the photoelectric effect to occur
2. Photons-light exists as a particle and as a wave

Question 6

Scientist… Wave equation and quantum model of the atom

Answer 6

Schrodinger

Question 7

Difference between ground and excited state of an atom

Answer 7

The ground state is the lowest energy of an atom and the excited state is when the atom has a higher potential energy

Question 8

How are the excited states and ground states related to the atom giving off a photon

Answer 8

Electrons release energy and the energy goes back to the ground state and a photon is given off

Question 9

Why is it that the energy levels of an atom can be determined by measuring the light emitted from the atom?

Answer 9

Specific bands of color=specific energies

Question 10

Higher frequency=

Answer 10

higher energy

Question 11

higher frequency=

Answer 11

shorter wavelength

Question 12

red has a ________ wavelength

Answer 12

long

Question 13

violet has a ________ wavelength

Answer 13

short

Question 14

of orientations for s

Answer 14

1

Question 15

of orientations for p

Answer 15

3

Question 16

of orientations for d

Answer 16

5

Question 17

of orientations for f

Answer 17

7

Question 18

how is bohr’s model of the atom similar to the quantum model

Answer 18

• nucleus with protons
• not surrounded by electrons
• electrons exist in certain energies

Question 19

how is bohr’s model of the atom different to the quantum model

Answer 19

• bohr had specific circular orbitals
• bohr tried to predict exactly where the electrons were
• quantum- electrons in 3d orbitals, not circular orbitals

Question 20

Pauli exclusion principle

Answer 20

no electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers

Question 21

aufbau principle

Answer 21

an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it

Question 22

exceptions to the aufbau principle

Answer 22

• half-full sub levels are more stable
• to make d and f sub levels more stable, electrons will go into orbitals with a higher energy first
• atoms are more stable with a full energy level, full sub level(s,p,d,f) or a half full sub level

Question 23

electromagnetic radiation

Answer 23

form of energy that exhibits wavelength behavior as it travels through space

Question 24

wavelength represented by_____(symbol)

Answer 24

lambda

Question 25

frequency measured in

Answer 25

hertz

Question 26

photoelectric effect

Answer 26

the emission of electrons from a metal when light shines on the metals

Question 27

wave-particle duality

Answer 27

light is both a wave and a stream of particles called photons

Question 28

photon

Answer 28

particle that transmits light

Question 29

continuous spectrum

Answer 29

emission of a continuous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation

Question 30

what causes the spectrum of an element

Answer 30

energy state of an atom

Question 31

what happens to extra energy

Answer 31

absorbed by electrons

Question 32

what determines the color of light

Answer 32

the wavelength of radiation

Question 33

when electrons absorb more energy, they move _______ from the nucleus

Answer 33

farther

Question 34

heinsenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 34

it is impossible to determine both the position and velocity of an electron

Question 35

schrodinger wave equation

Answer 35

tells the probability of finding an electron in a given area(orbital) around the nucleus

Question 36

4 types of quantum numbers

Answer 36

- principal - angular momentum - magnetic - spin

Question 37

orbital shapes:

Answer 37

s, p,d,f,g

Question 38

possible values of spin quantum number

Answer 38

+1/2 or -1/2

Question 39

aufbau principle

Answer 39

an electron that occupies the lowest energy level can receive it

Question 40

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 40

no 2 electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers

Question 41

hund's rule

Answer 41

orbitals of = energy are occupied by one electron before an orbital is occupied by a 2nd electrons

Question 42

octet rule

Answer 42

atoms gain, lose, or share electrons until they have eight valence electrons