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A&P > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

What are Tissues

A

A group of specialized cells that are formed to create tissues

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2
Q

What are the four types of tissues?

A

Epithelial- Cover
Connective- Connect
Muscular- Contract
Nervous- Communicate

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue Other name?
What does it do?
And where is it located?

A

1.Called Epithelium
2.Covers body surfaces and organs
3.Lines body cavities and hollow organs

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4
Q

What does Connective Tissue do?

A

It binds and supports body parts

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5
Q

What does Muscular Tissue do?

A

Contracts muscles

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6
Q

What does the nervous Tissue do?

A

It responds to stimuli and transmits signals

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7
Q

What is Simple Epithelial?

A

Simple epithelial tissue is one cell layer thick

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8
Q

What is stratified Epithelial ?

A

It is composed of two or more layers

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9
Q

What are the three shapes of the Cells?

A

1.Squamous epithelium has flattened cells
2.Cuboidal epithelium has cube-shaped cells
3.Columnar epithelium has elongated cells

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10
Q

Simple Squamous
1. Describe it function and shape
2.where is it located?

A

Composed of a single layer of flattened cells
It is found in areas where simple diffusion occurs- Alveoli, and capillaries

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10
Q

Stratified Squamous
Describe it and its shape
Where is it located

A
  1. Many layers and cells are flattened at free surface
  2. Skin and body orifices
  3. Can be Keratinized or nonkeratinized
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10
Q

What are the two special tissues?

A

Transitional and Pseudo-stratified epithelium

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11
Q

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
1.Describe it and its shape
2.Where is it located

A

1.Single layer of cube-shaped cells attached to a basement membrane

  1. Secreting glands ovaries. linings of kidney tubules
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12
Q

Stratified Cuboidal
Description

A
  1. Often has two layers
    Mostly found lining the larger ducts of certain glands
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13
Q

Simple Columnar
Description
Location

A

One layer of elongated cells

Lining of digestive organs; lining of uterine tubes

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14
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

1.Two or more layers of elongated cells
2.Pharynx (back of throat); male urethra (tube that carries urine out of body)

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15
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

1.One layer of elongated, tapered cells; appear stratified
2.Air passages of the respiratory system

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16
Q

Transitional

A

1.Many layers; when tissue stretches, layers become fewer
2.Urinary bladder (stores urine); ureters and urethra (tubes carrying urine)

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17
Q

Connective tissue

A

binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces, produces blood cells, and stores fat.

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18
Q

What are cells separated by?

A

They are separated by extracellular nonliving Matrix

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19
Q

Three Types of fibers

A
  1. Colagen
  2. Elastic Fibers
  3. Reticular Fibers
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20
Q

The Fibrous Connective tissue has 3 sub types……

Study These Flashcards
A

Losse
Dese
Reticular

21
Q

Describe Lose (areolar) Connective Tissue
Describe
Location
Function

Study These Flashcards
A

Describe1.It binds tissues and organ
2.Cells of the tissues are mainly held by fibroblasts

Location:
Between Tissues and Organs

Function:
Binds tissues and organs together

22
Q

Adipose Tissue
Location
Function

Study These Flashcards
A

Location:
Beneath skin, and around organs

Function:
Protects and cushions organs, source of stored energy

23
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Location: Tendons, Ligaments, aponeuroses Function: Binds organs together
24
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue Location Function
Location: Dermis of skin and Joint Capsules Function: Prevents organs over expansion (urinary Bladder); provides strength and resistance to stretching
25
Reticular Connective Tissue 1.What are Fibroblasts called? 2. What contains only reticular fibers 3.What is the reticular connective tissue also called? Where is it found?
1. Reticular Cells 2.The matrix 3. Lymphatic tissue 4. it is found in the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and red bone marrow
26
What are cartilage cells called? Where are they found? What produces the cartilage tissue?
1. Chondrocytes 2.Lacune 3. Chondroblasts
27
Three types of cartilage
Hyaline elastic fibrocartilage
28
Bones
Made of extremely hard matrix and it is composed of mineral salts deposited around collagen fibers
29
Hyaline Cartilage Structure of Matrix Types of Cells Example of Location
1.Fine collagen fibers 2. Chondroblasts and chondrocytes 3. Ends of long bones; rib cartilages; nose
30
Elastic Cartilage Structure of Matrix Types of Cells Example of Location
1.Many elastin fibers 2.Chondroblasts and chondrocytes 3.External ear
31
Fibrocartilage Structure of Matrix Types of Cells Example of Location
1.Strong collagen fibers 2.Chondroblasts and chondrocytes 3.Between vertebrae of spine, pads in knee joint
32
Bone: Compact Structure of Matrix Types of Cells Example of Location
1.Collagen plus calcium salts; arranged in osteons 2.Osteoblasts and osteocytes 3.Skeleton
33
Bone: Spongy Structure of Matrix Types of Cells Example of Location
1.Collagen plus calcium salts; arranged in trabeculae 2.Osteoblasts and osteocytes 3.Ends of long bones
34
Blood Structure of Matrix Types of Cells Example of Location
1.Plasma plus cells, platelets 2.Red and white blood cells 3.Inside blood vessels
35
What are muscular tissue called?
Muscular tissue cells are called muscle fibers because they are long
36
Which types of proteins are in cells?
Actin and Myosin which are contractile proteins
37
What are the three types of muscular tissue?
Skeletal Smooth Cardiac
38
Skeletal Muscle Fiber appearance Location Control
1.Fiber appearance: Striated 2.Location: Usually attached to skeleton 3.Control: Voluntary
39
Smooth: Fiber Appearance Location Control
Fiber Appearance: Non-striated , spindle- shaped Location:Wall of hollow organs (for example, intestine, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels) Control: Involuntary
40
Cardiac Fiber Appearance Location Control
Fiber Appearance: Striated, cylindrical and branched Location: Heart Control: Involuntary
41
Nervous Tissue: Is found where? What kinds of cells does it contain?
Nervous tissue is found in the brain and spinal cord; contains cells called neurons that generate and conduct nerve signals, and supporting cells called neuroglia.
42
What are the three Neurons parts
Dendrite – receives signals Cell body – contains the nucleus Axon – conducts nerve impulses; long axons are called nerve fibers and form tracts in the brain and spinal cord and nerves elsewhere
43
What is Neuroglia?
Neuroglia are nervous tissue cells that are more numerous than neurons
44
Types of neuroglia found in the brain:
Microglia – engulf bacteria and cellular debris Astrocytes – provide nutrients to neurons Oligodendrocytes – form myelin, a protective fatty layer Ependymal cells – line the ventricles, cavities in the brain
45
are neuroglia located outside the brain or spinal cord that produce the
Schwann cells
46
on neurons outside the brain and spinal cord.
myelin sheath
47
Extracellular Junctions
Junctions between cells help cells function as a tissue
48
Three types of cell junctions
Tight junction – plasma membrane proteins join, forming an impermeable barrier Gap junction – plasma membrane channels join, allowing substances to pass between the two cells Adhesion junction (desmosome) – adjacent plasma membranes held together by extracellular filaments
49
consist of one or more cells that produce and secrete a product; most are composed primarily of epithelium
Glands
50
Two types of Glands
Exocrine glands – secrete their product onto the outer surface or into a cavity Ex: goblet cells and sweat glands
51
Endocrine Glands
Endocrine glands – ductless and secrete their product internally to be transported by the bloodstream Ex: pituitary and thyroid glands
52
Line interior walls of the organs and tubes that open to the outside of the body Ex: digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems
Mucous Membranes

A&P (4 decks)

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