Chapter 4 Flashcards
(27 cards)
A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell
Vesicles
An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and synthesize some products, notable non cellulose carbohydrates
Golgi apparatus
A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large subunit and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus
Ribosome
A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists
Lysosome
A membrane-bound vesicle whose specialized function caries in different kinds of cells
Vacuole
An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide
Peroxisome
A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm and serves a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions
Cytoskeleton
A hollow rod composed of tubular proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella
Microtubules
The meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by the cell
Extracellular Matrix
The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes
Chromatin
The collection of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles
Endomembrane system
The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the side of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP
Mitochondria
An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis or organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water
Chloroplasts
A short appendage containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells
Cilia
A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion
Flagella
A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Bacteria and archaea
Prokaryotic cells
A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Protists, plants, fungi, and animals.
Eukaryotic Cells
The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell’s chemical composition.
Plasma Membrane
A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.
Cell wall
The contents of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus.
Cytoplasm
Any of several kinds of membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of the eukaryotic cells.
Organelles
A non-membrane-enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located.
Nucleoid
