Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P 1 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

Tissues

1
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

lipid (fat) storage cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

specialized areolar tissue rich in stored fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an anchoring junction?

A

mechanically attaches adjacent cells to each other or to the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the apical surface?

A

that part of a cell or tissue which, in general, faces an open space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an apocrine secretion?

A

release of a substance along with the apical portion of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is areolar tissue?

A

(also, loose connective tissue) a type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an astrocyte?

A

star-shaped cell in the central nervous system that regulates ions and uptake and/or breakdown of some neurotransmitters and contributes to the formation of the blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is atrophy?

A

loss of mass and function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the basal lamina?

A

thin extracellular layer that lies underneath epithelial cells and separates them from other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the basement membrane?

A

in epithelial tissue, a thin layer of fibrous material that anchors the epithelial tissue to the underlying connective tissue; made up of the basal lamina and reticular lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

heart muscle, under involuntary control, composed of striated cells that attach to form fibers, each cell contains a single nucleus, contracts autonomously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a cell junction?

A

point of cell-to-cell contact that connects one cell to another in a tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are chondrocytes?

A

cells of the cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is clotting?

A

also called coagulation; complex process by which blood components form a plug to stop bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is collagen fiber?

A

flexible fibrous proteins that give connective tissue tensile strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

type of tissue that serves to hold in place, connect, and integrate the body’s organs and systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the connective tissue membrane?

A

connective tissue that encapsulates organs and lines movable joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is connective tissue proper?

A

connective tissue containing a viscous matrix, fibers, and cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a cutaneous membrane?

A

skin; epithelial tissue made up of a stratified squamous epithelial cells that cover the outside of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is dense connective tissue?

A

connective tissue proper that contains many fibers that provide both elasticity and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the ectoderm?

A

outermost embryonic germ layer from which the epidermis and the nervous tissue derive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

type of cartilage, with elastin as the major protein, characterized by rigid support as well as elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is elastic fiber?

A

fibrous protein within connective tissue that contains a high percentage of the protein elastin that allows the fibers to stretch and return to original size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is an endocrine gland?
groups of cells that release chemical signals into the intercellular fluid to be picked up and transported to their target organs by blood
26
What is the endoderm?
innermost embryonic germ layer from which most of the digestive system and lower respiratory system derive
27
What is the endothelium?
tissue that lines vessels of the lymphatic and cardiovascular system, made up of a simple squamous epithelium
28
What is the epithelial membrane?
epithelium attached to a layer of connective tissue
29
What is epithelial tissue?
type of tissue that serves primarily as a covering or lining of body parts, protecting the body; it also functions in absorption, transport, and secretion
30
What is an exocrine gland?
group of epithelial cells that secrete substances through ducts that open to the skin or to internal body surfaces that lead to the exterior of the body
31
What is a fibroblast?
most abundant cell type in connective tissue, secretes protein fibers and matrix into the extracellular space
32
What is fibrocartilage?
tough form of cartilage, made of thick bundles of collagen fibers embedded in chondroitin sulfate ground substance
33
What is a fibrocyte?
less active form of fibroblast
34
What is fluid connective tissue?
specialized cells that circulate in a watery fluid containing salts, nutrients, and dissolved proteins
35
What is a gap junction?
allows cytoplasmic communications to occur between cells
36
What is a goblet cell?
unicellular gland found in columnar epithelium that secretes mucous
37
What is a ground substance?
fluid or semi-fluid portion of the matrix
38
What is a histamine?
chemical compound released by mast cells in response to injury that causes vasodilation and endothelium permeability
39
What is histology?
microscopic study of tissue architecture, organization, and function
40
What is a holocrine secretion?
release of a substance caused by the rupture of a gland cell, which becomes part of the secretion
41
What is hyaline cartilage?
most common type of cartilage, smooth and made of short collagen fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate ground substance
42
What is inflammation?
response of tissue to injury
43
What are lacunae?
(singular = lacuna) small spaces in bone or cartilage tissue that cells occupy
44
What is the lamina propria?
areolar connective tissue underlying a mucous membrane
45
What is loose connective tissue?
(also, areolar tissue) type of connective tissue proper that shows little specialization with cells dispersed in the matrix
46
What is a matrix?
extracellular material which is produced by the cells embedded in it, containing ground substance and fibers
47
What is a merocrine secretion?
release of a substance from a gland via exocytosis
48
What is a mesenchymal cell?
adult stem cell from which most connective tissue cells are derived
49
What is a mesenchyme?
embryonic tissue from which connective tissue cells derive
50
What is the mesoderm?
middle embryonic germ layer from which connective tissue, muscle tissue, and some epithelial tissue derive
51
What is the mesothelium?
simple squamous epithelial tissue which covers the major body cavities and is the epithelial portion of serous membranes
52
What is mucous connective tissue?
specialized loose connective tissue present in the umbilical cord
53
What is a mucous gland?
group of cells that secrete mucous, a thick, slippery substance that keeps tissues moist and acts as a lubricant
54
What is the mucous membrane?
tissue membrane that is covered by protective mucous and lines tissue exposed to the outside environment
55
What is muscle tissue?
type of tissue that is capable of contracting and generating tension in response to stimulation; produces movement.
56
What is myelin?
layer of lipid inside some neuroglial cells that wraps around the axons of some neurons
57
What is a myocyte?
muscle cells
58
What is necrosis?
accidental death of cells and tissues
59
What is nervous tissue?
type of tissue that is capable of sending and receiving impulses through electrochemical signals.
60
What are neuroglia?
supportive neural cells
61
What is a neuron?
excitable neural cell that transfer nerve impulses
62
What is a oligodendrocyte?
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the brain
63
What are parenchyma?
functional cells of a gland or organ, in contrast with the supportive or connective tissue of a gland or organ
64
What is a primary union?
condition of a wound where the wound edges are close enough to be brought together and fastened if necessary, allowing quicker and more thorough healing
65
What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
tissue that consists of a single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells that give the appearance of multiple layers; found in ducts of certain glands and the upper respiratory tract
66
What is reticular fiber?
fine fibrous protein, made of collagen subunits, which cross-link to form supporting “nets” within connective tissue
67
What is reticular lamina?
matrix containing collagen and elastin secreted by connective tissue; a component of the basement membrane
68
What is reticular tissue?
type of loose connective tissue that provides a supportive framework to soft organs, such as lymphatic tissue, spleen, and the liver
69
What is a Schwann cell?
neuroglial cell that produces myelin in the peripheral nervous system
70
What is a secondary union?
wound healing facilitated by wound contraction
71
What is a serous gland?
group of cells within the serous membrane that secrete a lubricating substance onto the surface
72
What is the serous membrane?
type of tissue membrane that lines body cavities and lubricates them with serous fluid
73
What is a simple columnar epithelium?
tissue that consists of a single layer of column-like cells; promotes secretion and absorption in tissues and organs
74
What is a simple cuboidal epithelium?
tissue that consists of a single layer of cube-shaped cells; promotes secretion and absorption in ducts and tubules
75
What is a simple squamous epithelium?
tissue that consists of a single layer of flat scale-like cells; promotes diffusion and filtration across surface
76
What is skeletal muscle?
usually attached to bone, under voluntary control, each cell is a fiber that is multinucleated and striated
77
What is smooth muscle?
under involuntary control, moves internal organs, cells contain a single nucleus, are spindle-shaped, and do not appear striated; each cell is a fiber
78
What is stratified columnar epithelium?
tissue that consists of two or more layers of column-like cells, contains glands and is found in some ducts
79
What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?
tissue that consists of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells, found in some ducts
80
What is stratified squamous epithelium?
tissue that consists of multiple layers of cells with the most apical being flat scale-like cells; protects surfaces from abrasion
81
What is striation?
alignment of parallel actin and myosin filaments which form a banded pattern
82
What is supportive connective tissue?
type of connective tissue that provides strength to the body and protects soft tissue
83
What is the synovial membrane?
connective tissue membrane that lines the cavities of freely movable joints, producing synovial fluid for lubrication
84
What is a tight junction?
forms an impermeable barrier between cells
85
What is a tissue?
group of cells that are similar in form and perform related functions
86
What is the tissue membrane?
thin layer or sheet of cells that covers the outside of the body, organs, and internal cavities
87
What is totipotent?
embryonic cells that have the ability to differentiate into any type of cell and organ in the body
88
What is transitional epithelium?
form of stratified epithelium found in the urinary tract, characterized by an apical layer of cells that change shape in response to the presence of urine
89
What is vasodilation?
widening of blood vessels
90
What is wound contraction?
process whereby the borders of a wound are physically drawn together

A&P 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions