Chapter 4 Flashcards
Atkinson & Shiffrin model of memory?
Input>Sensory Memory>Short-term memory-><-Long-Term Memory (Underneath short term is Output, above short term is a loop *Rehearsal: a control process.
Short-term memory cannot explain all of the processes that occur before transfer to LTM.
Sensory memory
Brief retention of the effects of sensory stimulation.
Capacity and Duration of STM
Sperlings (1960) Letters on a wall, to memorize.
Short-term Memory
Stores small amounts of information for a brief period of time.
Serial Position Curve - STM
Primacy and recency effects. Primacy effect, recalled 40, serial position >5. Recency effect, recalled 70, serial position 15-20.
Digit Span - STM
The average digit span is about 5 to 9 items. “The magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two. (Miller, 1956).
Chunking: grouping elements that are strongly associated with one another but weakly associated with elements in other chunks.
Proactive Interference - STM
A decrease in memory due to prior learning. Orange, cherry, pineapple (Ex.)
Working Memory (Baddeley & Hitch Model)
Limited-capacity system for temporary stoage and manipulation of information.
Central executive into 3 categories: 1. Phonological loop, 2. Episodic buffer, 3. Visuospatial Sketch pad, all fall into a fourth category, 4. Long-Term memory.
Phonological Loop - LTM
Processes a limited number of sounds for a short period of time. Phonological store. Articulatory control process (rehearsal). Rehearsal goes into store.
Word Length Effect - LTM
Pronunciation time affects the amount of information stored in working memory.
Articulatory Suppression - LTM
Reduces memory by interfering with rehearsal.
Visuouspatial Sketchpad - LTM
Holds visual and spatial information for a short period of time. Mental rotation.
Central Executive - LTM
Coordinates how information from the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad is used. Coordinates verbal and visual information.
Episodic Buffer - LTM
Combines information from the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, and long-term memory. Work in progress!
Working Memory - Continued
Information is stored and manipulated. Articulatory control and mental rotation. Episodic buffer is a multi-modal subsystem. Central executive coordinates all subsystems.
