Chapter 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
tithing:
In medieval England, a group of 10 families who collectively dealt with minor
disturbances and breaches of the peace
hue and cry:
In medieval England, a call for assistance. The policy of self-help that prevailed in
villages demanded that everyone respond if a citizen raised a hue and cry to get their aid.
hundred:
In medieval England, a group of 100 families responsible for maintaining order and
trying minor offenses
constable:
In medieval England, an appointed official who administered and supervised the legal affairs of a small community.
shire reeve:
In medieval England, the senior law enforcement figure in a county; the forerunner of today’s sheriff.
sheriff:
The chief law enforcement officer in a county.
watch system:
During the Middle Ages in England, men were organized in church parishes to
guard at night against disturbances and breaches of the peace under the direction of the local constable.
justice of the peace:
Established in 1326 England, the office was created to help the shire reeve
in controlling the county; it later took on judicial functions
vigilantes:
Group of citizens who tracked down wanted criminals in the Old West.
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI):
The arm of the US Justice Department that investigates violations of federal law, gathers crime statistics, runs a comprehensive crime laboratory, and
helps train local law enforcement officers.
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA):
The federal agency that enforces federal drug
control laws.
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF):
Federal agency with jurisdiction over the illegal sale, importation, and criminal misuse of firearms and explosives and
the distribution of untaxed liquor and cigarettes.
US Marshals Service:
Federal agency whose jurisdiction includes protecting federal officials,
transporting criminal defendants, and tracking down fugitives.
Department of Homeland Security (DHS):
Federal agency responsible for preventing terrorist attacks within the United States, reducing America’s vulnerability to terrorism, and minimizing the damage and assisting in recovery from attacks that do occur
Customs and Border Protection (CBP):
Federal agency responsible for the control and protection of America’s borders and ports of entry. Its priority mission is keeping terrorists and their weapons out of the United States.
Secret Service:
Federal agency responsible for executive protection and for investigation of
counterfeiting and various forms of financial fraud.
private policing:
Crime prevention, detection, and the apprehension of criminals carried out by
private organizations or individuals for commercial purposes.
data mining:
Using computer software to conduct analysis of behavior patterns in an effort to identify crime patterns and link them to suspects.
biometrics:
Automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic.
DNA profiling:
The identification of criminal suspects by matching DNA samples taken from
their person with specimens found at the crime scene.
predictive policing:
Application of advanced analytics to criminal justice data for the purpose of
predicting where and when crime will occur.
