Chapter 4

Question 1

Who were the key figures in the history of cell discovery?

Answer 1

Hooke, Schwann, Schleiden, and Leeuwenhoek.

Question 2

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

Answer 2

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of life.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.

Question 3

Why are our cells so small?

Answer 3

A high surface area-to-volume ratio allows cells to transfer wastes and nutrients more efficiently.

Question 4

What are the differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms without a nucleus, while Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms with a nucleus.

Question 5

What organelles should you know the location and functions of?

Answer 5

Nucleus, nucleolus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosomes, chloroplasts, ribosomes, cytoplasm, vacuoles (animal) and central vacuole (plant), flagella and cilia, microtubules.

Question 6

What are the differences between plant and animal cells?

Answer 6

Plant cells are square, have a cell wall (cellulose), chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Animal cells are not square, do not have a cell wall or chloroplasts, and have small vacuoles and centrioles.

Question 7

Do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA?

Answer 7

Yes, both mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA; other organelles do not.

Question 8

What are the parts of the cell membrane?

Answer 8

Hydrophobic tails, hydrophilic heads, and embedded proteins.