Chapter 5

Question 1

What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Answer 1

Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Osmosis is the specific movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.

Example: Water moves from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution in osmosis.

Question 2

What is the difference between passive and active transport?

Answer 2

Passive transport does not require energy and occurs along the concentration gradient. Active transport requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient.

Example: The Na/K pump is an example of active transport.

Question 3

What are hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic solutions?

Answer 3

Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of solutes compared to the cell, causing water to leave the cell. Hypotonic solutions have a lower concentration of solutes, causing water to enter the cell. Isotonic solutions have equal concentrations, resulting in no net movement of water.

Example: In a hypertonic solution, a cell shrinks as water exits.

Question 4

What are examples of passive transport?

Answer 4

Examples of passive transport include diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

Example: Glucose entering a cell through a protein channel is facilitated diffusion.

Question 5

What are examples of active transport?

Answer 5

Examples of active transport include the Na/K pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis.

Example: Endocytosis involves the cell engulfing materials from the outside.