Chapter 4

Question 1

What are the four main types of macromolecules found in cells?

Answer 1

Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids.

Question 2

True or False: DNA is a type of protein.

Answer 2

False.

Question 3

Fill in the blank: The basic unit of carbohydrates is ______.

Answer 3

monosaccharide.

Question 4

What is the primary function of proteins in a cell?

Answer 4

To serve as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules.

Question 5

Which macromolecule is responsible for storing genetic information?

Answer 5

Nucleic acids.

Question 6

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a lipid? (a) Glucose (b) Phospholipid (c) RNA

Answer 6

b) Phospholipid.

Question 7

What are amino acids?

Answer 7

The building blocks of proteins.

Question 8

True or False: All enzymes are proteins.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: The process by which cells break down glucose to produce energy is called ______.

Answer 9

cellular respiration.

Question 10

What is the role of carbohydrates in cells?

Answer 10

To provide energy and structural support.

Question 11

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of lipids? (a) Energy storage (b) Genetic encoding (c) Structural support

Answer 11

a) Energy storage.

Question 12

What are nucleotides?

Answer 12

The building blocks of nucleic acids.

Question 13

True or False: Phospholipids are important components of cell membranes.

Answer 13

True.

Question 14

Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein determines its ______.

Answer 14

structure and function.

Question 15

What is the main energy currency of the cell?

Answer 15

ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Question 16

Multiple choice: Which macromolecule is primarily involved in catalyzing biochemical reactions? (a) Carbohydrates (b) Proteins (c) Lipids

Answer 16

b) Proteins.

Question 17

What type of bond links amino acids together?

Answer 17

Peptide bonds.

Question 18

True or False: Starch is a type of lipid.

Answer 18

False.

Question 19

Fill in the blank: The main function of RNA is to ______.

Answer 19

synthesize proteins.

Question 20

What are the two main types of nucleic acids?

Answer 20

DNA and RNA.

Question 21

Multiple choice: Which process involves the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template? (a) Transcription (b) Translation (c) Replication

Answer 21

a) Transcription.

Question 22

What is the role of enzymes in biological reactions?

Answer 22

To speed up the rate of reactions.

Question 23

True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.

Answer 23

False.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The structure of DNA is described as a ______.

Answer 24

double helix.

Question 25

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 25

Carbohydrates composed of long chains of monosaccharides.

Question 26

Multiple choice: Which of the following is not a function of proteins? (a) Energy storage (b) Transport (c) Hormonal signaling

Answer 26

a) Energy storage.

Question 27

What is the primary structural role of cellulose in plant cells?

Answer 27

To provide rigidity and strength.

Question 28

True or False: All cells contain the same types of macromolecules.

Answer 28

True.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The main component of the cell membrane is ______.

Answer 29

phospholipids.

Question 30

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Answer 30

To synthesize proteins.

Question 31

Multiple choice: Which macromolecule is primarily used for quick energy? (a) Proteins (b) Carbohydrates (c) Nucleic acids

Answer 31

b) Carbohydrates.

Question 32

What is the term for a molecule that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts?

Answer 32

Amphipathic.

Question 33

True or False: Glycogen is a storage form of glucose in animals.

Answer 33

True.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The primary function of nucleic acids is to store and transmit ______.

Answer 34

genetic information.

Question 35

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

Answer 35

DNA is double-stranded and contains thymine, while RNA is single-stranded and contains uracil.