chapter 4

Question 1

decline of primary industry 60s

Answer 1

177m tonnes coal a y
500,000 miners at 483 facilities
coal under threat when railways
it + move to diesal -petrol

Question 2

decline of primary idustry 70s

Answer 2

2 disputes-strikes
ended on electricity blackouts
factory close + industry on 3 day week

Question 3

decline of primary idustry 1984/5

Answer 3

1984/5=133 tonnes
180,000 workers at 133

Question 4

decline of primary idustry 90s

Answer 4

Pit Closure Program

Question 5

decline of primary idustry 2000

Answer 5

2000=>10mtonnes
Selby Superpit chose

Question 6

decline of primary idustry 2013

Answer 6

closed last mine in warwickshire

Question 7

• Why has mining employment in the East Midlands declined?

Answer 7

• Coal extraction in the area became more and more expensive as reserves became depleted.
  • Become cheaper to import coal, mainly from Russia. £330 million investment in coal extraction in the UK recently turned down.
  • Expensive to make a clean form of energy (carbon capture).

Historically less and less use of coal in the surrounding area (e.g. Industry in Birmingham and Nottingham).

Question 8

why ahs there been a decline in farming industry east anglia

Answer 8

agribusiness development
loss of subsides
mechanisation
cheap imports
social change

Question 9

impacts of a decline in farming industry east anglia

Answer 9

full time work has decreased
part time increased
increase in seasonal work under taken by migrants
older workforce
loss or rural culture due to counter urbanisation

Question 10

why have farms been forced to diversify

Answer 10

as a result of decreased profits from farming theyve been forced to commercialise into other commercail interprises e.g tourism retail vis farmshops and other activities

Question 11

hows agriculture significant in east anglia economy

Answer 11

3 billion in 2018 and wheat and barly and other classic items

Question 12

reasons for desindustrialisation in manchester

Answer 12

Cottonopolios I good local climate
proximity to the coast via railways providing exports to empire
mass rural- urban migration during revolution
Flatland build to factories workhouses

Question 13

impacts of industrialisation in manchester

Answer 13

impacts?
-rapid economic development d
pollution
poverty -
slums
conditions = poor
life expectancy : 29 in 1865

Question 14

how long did deindustrialisation in manchester take

Answer 14

not long

Question 15

worst effected areas of deindustrialsiation in manchester and what occured w them

Answer 15

inner city surrounding CBD
lost 52% of habitants and unemployment rose rapdily by 1981= 20%
rundown housing, wasteland, abandoned factories

207,000 manufacturing jobs lost

Question 16

what developments were made to recover manchester and lead to success now

Answer 16

manchester ringway airport into international hub
myriad of motorway connections

Question 17

de multiplier effect

Answer 17

de indurstrilisation->
unemployment, lack of locals spending and thurther loss of local business increasing deriliction->
depopulation closure of schools and services= deprivation->
no further investment, culture of worklesness and further decline

Question 18

hows deprivation measured

Answer 18

proportions of poor quality housing, unskilled workforce, alck of employment opportuntiies, poor quality hosuing, derilict sites and buildings, poor health
poor enviornemntal quality
weak transport infrastrcuture
contaminated land

Question 19

negatives of deindustrialisation

Answer 19

workers w no skills
social unrest
loss of proud workign class communtiies
reliant on imports
lots of brownfields
unemployment

Question 20

economci consequences of loss of traditional industry in inner city urban areas

Answer 20

lack of investment
decline in industry and increase in uemployment
decline in trade
decreased wages due to supply and demand of labour changes

Question 21

social consequences of loss of traditional industry in inner city urban areas

Answer 21

social exlusion
high crime and drug rates
unemployment
decetnralsiation of pop and ‘white flight’
culutre of poverty and decrease in public service and quality

Question 22

environemntal consequences of loss of traditional industry in inner city urban areas

Answer 22

run down derelict environment
lower pollution levels due to reduction of industry
building collapse and vandilism

Question 23

cycle of decline

Question 24

loss of secondary industry in detroit declien factors

Answer 24

1. Deindustrialization:
2. Automation: Advances in technology reduced the need for human labour in factories.
3. White Flight:
4. Global Competition:
5. Economic Crises:
   Bankruptcy:

Question 25

detroit bankruptcy

Answer 25

In 2013, Detroit filed for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, the largest municipal bankruptcy in U.S. history, with debts estimated between $18-20 billion.

Question 26

economic crisis detroit

Answer 26

The 2007-2008 financial crisis severely impacted the auto industry. Although companies like General Motors and Chrysler received federal bailouts, the overall industry suffered.

Question 27

white flight detroit

Answer 27

Following the 1967 riots, a significant portion of the white population left Detroit, leading to a decrease in the tax base and investment.

Question 28

deindustrialisation detroit

Answer 28

Starting in the 1960s, many manufacturing jobs moved to other regions or countries where labour was cheaper. This led to a significant reduction in local employment.

Question 29

wheres detorit

Answer 29

wayne county USA

Question 30

impact of detroit decline

Answer 30

The decline in manufacturing had profound effects on Detroit: * Population Decline: From 1950 to 2010, Detroit’s population decreased by 61.4%, falling to around 700,000. * Unemployment: Manufacturing employment decreased by 6% between the first and second quarters of 2022. * Urban Decay: By 2012, a third of Detroit’s land area was vacant, with many abandoned buildings and homes

Question 31

efforts to incr detorit

Answer 31

Efforts to revitalize Detroit include initiatives like the Greenways Coalition, which aims to improve urban mobility, and collaborations between Ford and Google to develop new technologies.

Question 32

historicsl context detroit

Answer 32

Detroit’s manufacturing boom began in the early 20th century, driven by the automotive industry. Companies like Ford, General Motors, and Chrysler established massive factories, employing hundreds of thousands of workers. At its peak in the 1950s, Detroit was the fourth largest city in the United States, with a population of 1.85 million.

Question 33

Government policies to reverse deindustrialisation example

Answer 33

longbridge

Question 34

retraining impact ongbridge

Answer 34

implementing a policy to retrain a workforce that has seen deindustrialisation in one way in which to get a significant portion of the working population in an area back to work after they loose their jobs in the og region Can reinvigorate the tax base + minimise cycle of decline in an areas

Question 35

brimignham 2005 led to how many job loss

Answer 35

6000

Question 36

unemployment brum rose to

Answer 36

6.2 %

Question 37

government provided what

Answer 37

invested in major infrastructure Financial Aid Retraining program Job search assistance REGENRATION

Question 38

regeneration longbridge wht happened

Answer 38

50 firms employ 400 pt -2000 seco Irones Sainsburys Times # retail Bourneville College

Question 39

what did governments task force do

Answer 39

: A dedicated MG Rover Taskforce was established to provide immediate support to the affected workers2. This included financial assistance, retraining programs, and help with job searches2.

Question 40

cost of regeneration longbridge

Answer 40

1 billion

Question 41

retraining and skills development in longbridge

Answer 41

Various retraining and skills development programs were offered to help workers transition to new employment opportunities2. This included vocational training and access to higher education courses.

Question 42

financial support included what longbridge

Answer 42

This included redundancy payments and other forms of financial aid.

Question 43

nissan and sunderland MNC example

Answer 43

large organisations that have operations + economic activity in more then 1 country nissan invested a signif amount into its plant Example nissan, Sunderland buildings coal mining decliner indirectly employs 70,000

Question 44

nissan what was happening before investment

Answer 44

Sunderland’s significant coal mining and shipbuilding industries declined, leaving high unemployment rates.

Question 45

economic policies in brum input by government to improve economy of industrialised places

Answer 45

increase priv sector jobs and 100,000 by 2020 by attracting FDI incr in skills of labour force 2.5bn spent on transport infrastructure incl HS2 67,000 businesses attracted to area city centre enterprise zone works in partnership w local employers and businesses to incr employment opportuntities