Chapter 4 Flashcards
What are the mental health benefits of exercise?
- Improved mood (Eg. Depression, anxiety, stress)
- Improved sense of well-being
- Decreased depression
What are the underlying effects of mental health benefits of exercise? (Sarafino et al.)
- Decreased stress
- Improved cognitive processing (speed, decision-making, memory, and clarity (less confusion))
- Improved self-concept
- Social engagement
- Social support
- Distraction (emotional-focused coping)
- Physical health (mind-body connection)
- Body image change
- Self-efficacy (personal agency)
What are the cautions and limitations of exercise and improved mental health research?
- Correlational research
- Retrospective self-report
- Extraneous factors
- Placebo effect
- Self-perception theory
What are the liabilities of exercise?
- Joint injury (which can lead to arthritis)
- Exercise withdrawal
- Accident (which can lead to injury)
- Cardiac arrest
Who is more likely to be active?
- Younger
- Male
- Higher SES
- Higher education
- Rural
- Western Canada
- Indigenous
Who is less likely to be active?
- Older
- Female
- Lower SES
- Lower education
- Urban
- Maritimes
- Nonindigenous
What are some predictors of regular exercise?
- High exercise self-efficacy
- Self-perception
- Longer time perspective
- Positive attitude about physical activity
- Enjoyment
- Social support for physical activity
Aerobic exercise
- High-intensity
- Long-duration
- High-endurance
What are some examples of moderate intensity activities?
- Brisk walking
- Running/jogging
- Hiking
- Cycling
- Swimming
- Skating
- Skiing
What are some examples of vigorous intensity activities?
- Play an active sport
- Gym work outs
- Weightlifting
- Yoga (intense)
- Exercise/dance class
- Dancing
- Yard work/snow shovelling
- Other activity
What are some barriers to exercise? (Sarafino et al.)
- “No time”
- Stress
- Lack of social support
- Low fitness self-efficacy
- Past failure to persevere
- Overemphasis on discomfort; underemphasis on enjoyment
- Fear of injury
What behavioural theories may be useful for promoting exercise?
- Theory of planned behaviour
- Cognitive behavioural methods
- Transtheoretical model of change
What cognitive behavioural processes may be useful for changing health behaviours?
- Self-monitoring
- Modeling
- Operant conditioning
- Skills training
- Cognitive restructuring
- Motivational interviewing
- Implementation intentions
What are some exercise characteristics of exercise programs that endure?
- Convenience (nearby and little/no equipment)
- Enjoyment
- Success
What is the impact of nature compared to relaxation on anxiety and anger?
- Nature images and sounds reduced anxiety and anger
- Nature images and sounds increased positive mood more than verbal relaxation induction
What is the impact of nature compared to exercise on test anxiety?
- Nature scenes with music most reduced anxiety immediately
- Exercise had more lasting effects after exposure to testing
What is the impact of nature on stress in children?
Life stress impact lower in children living close to vegetation.
