Chapter 4 Flashcards
(20 cards)
A thread-like structure consisting of DNA molecules tightly coiled around proteins called histones. Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
Chromosome
A unit of inheritance located on chromosomes. Genes are passed from parents to offspring and determine traits
Gene
The central region of a chromosome where the two chromatids are joined together. It is essential for chromosome movement during cell division4.
Centromere
DNA and proteins (mainly histones) that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division .
Chromatin
A pair of chromosomes, one from each parent, that are similar in shape, size, and gene content .
Homolomes
Chromosomes that are different in shape, size, and gene content .
Heterologous Chrom
A type of chromatns highly condensed throughout the cell cycle, even during interphase .
Heterochromatin
A type of t undergoes the normal process of condensation and decondensation during the cell cycle .
Euchromatin
The basic structural unit of chroming of DNA wrapped around histone proteins .
Nucleosome
A chromosome with the centromere pthe center, creating two equal-length arms .
Metacentric Chromosome
A chromosome with the centromere positioned neesulting in one short arm and one long arm .
Acrocentric Chromosome
A chromosome with the centromere positioned slightly ofducing one shorter arm and one longer arm .
Submetacentric Chromosome
A chromosome with the centromere positioned at the very end, leaving
Telocentric Chromosome
A chromosome with a single centromere .
Monocentric Chromosome
An abnormal chromosome with two centromeres .
Dicentric Chromosome
Defines chromosomes with multiple centromeres .
Polycentric Chromosome
A chromosome that lacks a centromere .
Acentric Chromosome
The to chromosomes in a somatic (body) cell. In humans, this is 46 (23 pairs) .
Somatic Chromosome Number (2n)
The number of chromosomes in a gamete (sperm or egg cell). In humans, this is 23 .
Gametic Chrom(n)
-Provide genetic information for cellular functions.
-Protect DNA from damage during cell division.
-Ensure the precise distribto daughter cells .
Functions of Chromosomes
