Chapter 6

Question 1

Having identical alleles for a particular gene (e.g., AA or aa)​

Answer 1

Homozygous

Question 2

The entire set of genes in an organism

Answer 2

Genome

Question 3

Alternative forms of a gene that occupy the same position (locus) on homologous chromosomes and control the same trait

Answer 3

Allele

Question 4

A fixed location on a strand of DNA where a gene or one of its alleles is located​

Answer 4

Locus

Question 5

The genetic makeup of an organism​

Answer 5

Genotype

Question 6

Having two different alleles for a particular gene (e.g., Aa)

Answer 6

Heterozygous

Question 7

An allele that masks or suppresses the expression of an alternate allele. The dominant trait appears in the heterozygous condition​

Answer 7

Dominant Allele

Question 8

An allele that is masked by a dominant allele; only expressed when two copies are present (homozygous)

Answer 8

Recessive Allele

Question 9

The physical traits or characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environmental factors

Answer 9

Phenotype

Question 10

A heritable feature (e.g., flower color)​

Answer 10

Character

Question 11

A specific variant of a character (e.g., purple flowers)​

Answer 11

Trait

Question 11

Organisms that produce offspring of the same variety when self-pollinated

Answer 11

True-Breeding

Question 12

The process of crossing two genetically different individuals​

Answer 12

Hybridization

Question 13

The parental generation in a genetic cross​

Answer 13

P Generation

Question 14

The first generation of offspring resulting from a genetic cross​

Answer 14

F1 Generation

Question 15

The second generation of offspring resulting from the self-pollination of the F1 generation

Answer 15

F2 Generation

Question 16

In a cross of parents that are pure for contrasting traits, only one trait (the dominant one) will appear in the next generation​

Answer 16

Law of Dominance

Question 17

During the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other. The alleles are then recombined at fertilization​

Answer 17

Law of Segregation

Question 18

Alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another​

Answer 18

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 19

A cross between two individuals focusing on one trait​

Answer 19

Monohybrid Cross

Question 20

A cross between two individuals focusing on two different traits​

Answer 20

Dihybrid Cross

Question 20

A tool used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross​

Answer 20

Punnett Square

Question 21

A rare genetic disorder that causes lipid accumulation in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow

Answer 21

Gaucher Disease

Question 21

A recessive genetic disease that affects mucus production in the lungs and digestive system

Answer 21

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)