Chapter 4

Question 1

________ is when there is pre-existing schemas in our brain change with new information.

Answer 1

Accommodation

Question 2

________ is how we see and adapt to new information by using pre-existing schemas/knowledge.

Answer 2

Assimilation

Question 3

_________ _________ (Piaget Stage) cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6; it includes language and imagination (in addition to the senses and motor skills of infancy), but logical operational thinking is not yet possible.

Answer 3

Pre-operational thinking

Question 4

What are the 5 obstacles to logical operation?

Answer 4

1. egocentrism
2. centration
3. focus on appearance
4. static reasoning
5. irreversibility

Question 5

________ is a characteristic of pre-operational thought in which a young child focuses (centers) on one idea, excluding all others.

Answer 5

Centration

Question 6

_______ is Piaget’s term for children’s tendency to think about the world entirely from their own personal perspective.

Answer 6

Egocentrism

Question 7

_________ on ________ is a characteristic of pre-operational thought in which a young child ignores all attributes that are not apparent.

Answer 7

Focus on appearance

Question 8

______ _______ refers to thinking that nothing changes: Whatever is now has always been and always will be.

Answer 8

Static reasoning

Question 9

________ the idea that nothing can be undone; the inability to recognize that something can sometimes be restored to the way it was before a change occurred.

Answer 9

Irrevesibility

Question 10

______ in thinking is when a person whose cognition is stimulate and directed by older more skilled members of society.

Answer 10

Apprentice

Question 11

______ ________ the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations.

Answer 11

Guided participation

Question 12

_______ of ________ ________ refers to the skills that a person can exercise only with assistance, not yet independently.

Answer 12

Zone of proximal development

Question 13

_______ is temporary support that is tailored to a learner’s needs and abilities and aimed at helping the learner master the next task in a given learning process

Answer 13

Scaffolding

Question 14

_____ speech is internal dialogue that occurs when people talk to themselves (either silently or out loud).

Answer 14

Private

Question 15

_______ _______ is a function of speech by which a person’s cognitive skills are refined and extended thorugh both formal instruction and causal conversation.

Answer 15

Social mediation

Question 16

24 month (2 year) old toddlers know about ______ words.

Answer 16

500

Question 17

At about age 6 children know around______ words.

Answer 17

10, 000

Question 18

_______ _______ is the speedy and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by mentally charting them into categories according to their meaning.

Answer 18

Fast mapping

Question 19

_______ is long string of sounds that children begin to produce at about ______ months of age.

Answer 19

Babbling

4

Question 20

Babbling has a social element and an infant will vary the _____, ______, and _______ to attract attention.

Answer 20

volume
pitch
rate

Question 21

_______ process by which an organism adapts to the environment; occurs as a result of two complementary processes, assimilation, and accomodation. Piagetian concept.

Answer 21

Adaptation

Question 22

_______ is immediate whole or partial vocal imitation of another speaker, characterizes the child’s speech at about 8 months.

Answer 22

Echolalia