Chapter 4

Question 1

What is the site of synthesis of thyrotropin (TSH)/thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 1

Thyrotrope cells of the adenohypophysis

Question 2

What is the function of thyrotropin?

Answer 2

Stimulates the development and maintenance of the thyroid gland and the secretion of thyroxine

Question 3

What happens without thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Answer 3

Nonfunctioning thyroid gland

Question 4

What are the “BIG FOUR” that make up the secondary functions of the thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Answer 4

Increase metabolism,plasma glucose, blood pressure, and the immune response

Question 5

What is the extra function of thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Answer 5

Increased memory

Question 6

What two hormones control the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone?

Answer 6

Thyroliberin (TRF) and thyrostatin (TIF)

Question 7

What is the site of synthesis for ACTH?

Answer 7

POMC cells (proopiomelanocortin of the adenohypophysis)

Question 8

What is the primary function of ACTH?

Answer 8

Stimulate the development and maintenance of the adrenal gland and secretion of cortisol

Question 9

What is the most powerful hormone controller of the adrenal gland?

Answer 9

ACTH

Question 10

What is the secondary function of ACTH?

Answer 10

BIG FOUR minus immune response: increased metabolism, blood pressure, and plasma glucose

Question 11

What are two extra functions of ACTH?

Answer 11

Increased memory and pigmentation

Question 12

What effect does ACTH have on the immune response?

Answer 12

Decrease

Question 13

What is the most powerful liberator of ACTH?

Answer 13

Corticoliberin

Question 14

What is the most powerful inhibitor of ACTH?

Answer 14

Corticostatin

Question 15

What hormones regulate ACTH?

Answer 15

Corticoliberin, corticostatin, melanoliberin, melanostatin

Question 16

What is the primary function of luteotropin/prolactin?

Answer 16

Stimulates the development of mammary glands and milk production

Question 17

What other hormone besides luteotropin/prolactin also stimulates the development of mammary glands?

Answer 17

STH (GH)

Question 18

What is the secondary function of luteotropin/prolactin?

Answer 18

BIG 4 (increased blood pressure, plasma glucose, immune response, and metabolism)

Question 19

Excessive amounts of luteotropin/prolactin has what effect on reproduction?

Answer 19

Decrease

Question 20

Luteotopin/prolactin has what effect on androgens?

Answer 20

Increased secretion

Question 21

Luteotropin/prolactin has what effect on the growth of children?

Answer 21

Stimulates

Question 22

How does luteotropin/prolactin decrease reproduction?

Answer 22

Decrease gamete development, decrease sex hormones

Question 23

High levels of what hormone can be a form of natural birth control in mothers who are breastfeeding?

Answer 23

Luteotropin/prolactin

Question 24

What hormones control the secretion of luteotropin/prolactin?

Answer 24

Prolactostatin/Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF) aka luteostatin, prolactoliberin/prolactin releasing factor (PRF) aka luteoliberin, and substance P

Question 25

What is the primary function of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)?

Answer 25

Stimulate the gonads to produce gametes

Question 26

What specifically is stimulated in males by FSH?

Answer 26

Seminiferous tubules to produce spermatozoa

Question 27

What specifically is stimulated in females by FSH?

Answer 27

Ovaries to produce ova

Question 28

What controls the secretion of FSH?

Answer 28

Follicle releasing factor (FRF), follicle inhibiting factor (FIF), gonadoliberin (GnRF), gonadostatin (GnIF), pheromones, endorphins, excess luteotropin, melatonin

Question 29

Activin stimulates the secretion of ONLY what hormone?

Answer 29

FSH

Question 30

What controls the secretion of activin?

Answer 30

Amount of FSH and gametes

Question 31

What hormone participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 31

Activin

Question 32

Inhibin decreases the secretion of ONLY what hormone?

Answer 32

FSH

Question 33

What is the primary function of melanotropin?

Answer 33

Stimulate pigmentation

Question 34

What is the secondary function of melanotropin?

Answer 34

BIG 4 (and increased memory)

Question 35

What controls the secretion of melanotropin?

Answer 35

Melanostatin, melanoliberin, corticoliberin, corticostatin

Question 36

What is the primary function of endorphins?

Answer 36

Decrease pain stimuli

Question 37

How do endorphins decrease pain stimuli?

Answer 37

Decrease the synthesis and function of substance P

Question 38

What effect do endorphins have on reproduction?

Answer 38

Decrease

Question 39

Where is the site of synthesis for endorphins?

Answer 39

POMC cells (adenohypophysis), placenta, thalamus, spinal cord, hypothalamus

Question 40

What is the secondary function of endorphins?

Answer 40

Increase appetite, immune response, and oxygen transport

Question 41

Endorphins decrease the secretion of what hormones?

Answer 41

Thyrotropin stimulating hormone, antidiuretic hormone, and oxytocin (TSH, ADH, OT)

Question 42

What controls the secretion of endorphins?

Answer 42

Pain stimuli, stress, psychological, strenuous exercise

Question 43

Which is more powerful at reducing pain: morphine or endorphins?

Answer 43

Endorphins (100X)

Question 44

Which hormones increase memory?

Answer 44

MSH, ACTH, TSH