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General Psychology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Activation-synthesis hypothesis

A

Premise that states drama are created by the high centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods

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2
Q

Adaptive theory

A

Theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

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3
Q

Alcohol

A

The chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter

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4
Q

Alpha waves

A

Brain Waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

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5
Q

Altered states of consciousness

A

State in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking consciousness

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6
Q

Amphetamines

A

Stimulants that are synthesized (made) in laboratories rather than being found in nature

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7
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressant drugs that have a sedative effect

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8
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Represent drug that lowers anxiety and reduces stress

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9
Q

Beta waves

A

Smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity

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10
Q

Caffeine

A

A mild stimulate found in coffee, tea, and several other plant based substances

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11
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

A cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24- hour period

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12
Q

Cocaine

A

A natural drug derived from the leaves of a coca plant

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13
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s awareness of everything that is going on around him or her at any given moment, which is used to organize behavior

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14
Q

Delta waves

A

Long, slow waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

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15
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

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16
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering perception of reality

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17
Q

Hallucinogenic

A

Drugs that include hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings or relaxation and intoxication

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18
Q

Heroin

A

Narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

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19
Q

Hypnosis

A

State of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestions.

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20
Q

Insomnia

A

The inability to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

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21
Q

LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)

A

Powerful synthetic hallucinogen

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22
Q

Marijuana

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A

Mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

23
Q

MDMA (ecstasy or X)

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A

Designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

24
Q

Mescaline

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A

Natural hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus buttons

25
Micro sleeps
Brief sidesteps of sleep lasting only a few seconds
26
Morphine
Narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain
27
Narcolepsy
Sleep disorder in which a person falls asleep immediately into REM sleep during the Day without warning
28
Narcotics
A class of opium- related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous systems natural receptors sites for endorphins
29
Nicotine
Active ingredient in tobacco
30
Night terrors
Relative rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during sleep without waking fully
31
Nightmares
Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep
32
Non-REM sleep (NREM)
Any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM
33
Opium
Substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotics drugs are derived
34
PCP
Synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that cause cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogen effects
35
Physical independence
Condition occurring when a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug
36
Psilocybin
Natural hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms
37
Psychoactive drug
Drugs that alter thinking, perception and memory
38
Psychological dependence
The feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotion or psychological well- being
39
Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
Stage of sleep in which eyes move rapidly under the eye lids and a person is typically experiencing a dream
40
REM behavior disorder
A rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares
41
REM paralysis
The inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep
42
REM rebound
Increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights
43
Restorative theory
Theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage
44
Sleep apnea
Disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more during sleep
45
Sleep deprivation
Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability
46
Sleep walking (somnambulism)
Occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or waking around in ones sleep
47
Social- cognitive theory of hypnosis
Theory that assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but merely playing the role expected of them in the situation
48
Stimulants
Drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system
49
Stimulatory hallucinogen
Drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulate and hallucinogenic effect
50
Theta waves
Brain Waves indicating early stages of sleep
51
Waking consciousness
State in which thought, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert
52
Withdrawal
Physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems
53
Activation-information mode model (AIM)
Revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams

General Psychology (3 decks)

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