Chapter 4 Flashcards
(29 cards)
social smile
a smile evoked by a human face, 6 weeks after birth
cortisol
primary stress hormone, fluctuations in the bodys ____ effect human emotion
separation anxiety
an infants distress when a familiar caregiver leaves, most obvious between 9-14 months
stranger wariness
and infants expression of concern, a quiet stare of look of fear when a stranger appears
self-awareness
a persons realization that he or she is a distinct individual whose body, mind and actions are separate from those of other people
temperament
inborn differences between one person and another in emotions, activities and self regulation.
synchrony
a coordinated, rapid and smooth exchange of responses between a caregiver an a infant
secure attachment
a relationship in which an infant obtains both comfort and confidence from the presence of his or her caregiver
insecure-avoidant attachment
a pattern of attachment in which an infant avoids connection with the caregiver as when the infant seems not to care about the caregivers presence, departure or return
insecure-resistant/ambivalent attachment
a pattern of attachment in which an infants anxiety and uncertainty are evident, as when the infant becomes very upset at separation from the caregiver and both resists and seeks contact on reunion
disorganized attachment
a type of attachment that is marked by an infants inconsistent reactions to the caregivers departure and return
strange situation
a procedure for measuring attachment by evoking infants reactions to the stress of various adults comings and goings in an unfamiliar playroom
social referencing
seeking information about how to react to an unfamiliar or ambiguous object or event by observing someone else expressions and reactions
trust vs. mistrust
eriksons first crisis of psychosocial development. Infants learn basic trust if the world is a secure place where their basic needs are met
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Erikson’s second crisis of psychosocial development. Toddlers either succeed of fail in gaining a sense of self rule over their actions and their bodies
social learning
the acquisition of behavior patterns by observing the behavior of others.
proximal parenting
caregiving practices that involve being physically close to the baby, with frequent holding and touching
distal parenting
caregiving practices that involve remaining distant from the baby, providing toys, food and face to face communication with minimal holding and touching
working model
cognitive theory, set of assumptions that the individual uses to organize perceptions and experiences
Working model
person might assume that other people are trustworthy and be surprised by an incident that this working model of human behavior was erroneous
allocare
the care of children by other than the biological parents
family day care
child care that includes several children of various ages and usually occurs in home of a woman who is paid to provide it
center day care
child care that occurs in a place especially designed for the purpose, where several paid adults care for many children
Active
putting yourself in, looking to be involved
