chapter 4-5

Question 1

pulse duration

Answer 1

actual time from start : pulse to end : that pulse

Question 2

units : PD

Answer 2

time
Microsecond (us)

Question 3

PD determined by

Answer 3

sound source

Question 4

can PD be adjustable

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

equation for PD

Answer 5

= # : cycle in each pulse X period : each cycle

Question 6

PD / # : cycles in pulse ….. relationship

Answer 6

directly proportional

Question 7

PD / period …. related

Answer 7

directly proportional

Question 8

PD / frequency … related

Answer 8

Inversely proportional

Question 9

2 characteristic that creates pulse : long duration

Answer 9

1.many cycles in pulse
2.individual cycles w. long period

Question 10

2 characteristic that creates pulse : short duration

Answer 10

1. few cycles in pulse
   2.individual cycles w. short period

Question 11

how many pulse typically contained in clinical imaging ?

Answer 11

2- 4 cycles

Question 12

which type of pulse is more desirable in diagnostic imaging & why ? long or short duration

Answer 12

shorter duration
create image : great accuracy

Question 13

Spatial Pulse length

Answer 13

distance > pulse occupies in space from start to end : that pulse

Question 14

Units : SPL

Answer 14

distance
mm

Question 15

SPL determined by

Answer 15

both sound source / medium

Question 16

can SPL be adjustable

Answer 16

NO

Question 17

SPL / # : cycles in pulse … related

Answer 17

directly proportional

Question 18

SPL / wavelength … related

Answer 18

Directly proportional

Question 19

SPL / Frequency ….. related

Answer 19

Inversely proportional

Question 20

2 characteristic that creates long pulse length

Answer 20

1. many cycles > pulse
2. cycles w/ longer wavelength

Question 21

2 characteristic that creates short pulse length

Answer 21

1. fewer cycles > pulse
   2.cycles w/ shorter wavelength

Question 22

which type of pulse is more desirable in diagnostic imaging & why ? Long or short pulse length

Answer 22

Pulse : shorter length
bc > they create more accurate image

Question 23

pulse repetition period

Answer 23

time from start : 1 pulse to start : next pulse

Question 24

units : PRP

Answer 24

time
ms

Question 25

PRP determined by

Answer 25

sound source

Question 26

can PRP be adjusted & how

Answer 26

Yes sonographer adjust scan depth : view

Question 27

system image at shallow depth, the time from 1 pulse to next is ....

Answer 27

short

Question 28

system image at more deeply, the time from 1 pulse to next is ....

Answer 28

longest

Question 29

PRP / period ... related

Answer 29

unrelated

Question 30

PRP / depth : view ... related

Answer 30

directly ⬆️,⬆️

Question 31

depth : view

Answer 31

describes max distance into body > U/S is imaging

Question 32

2 component : PRP

Answer 32

1. transmit time / on time 2. receive time / off time

Question 33

another word for transmit time

Answer 33

pulse duration

Question 34

Pulse repetition frequency

Answer 34

: pulse > U/S transmits into body each second

Question 35

unit : PRF

Answer 35

hertz (Hz) per second

Question 36

PRF determined by

Answer 36

sound source

Question 37

can PRF be adjustable & how

Answer 37

Yes sonographer adjusting depth : view

Question 38

PRF / depth : view ..... related

Answer 38

inversely ⬆️,⬇️

Question 39

PRP / PRF ... related

Answer 39

Inversely ⬆️,⬇️

Question 40

PRP / PRF special relationship

Answer 40

reciprocal

Question 41

Duty factor

Answer 41

% / fraction : time > system transmits a pulse

Question 42

units : DF

Answer 42

none %

Question 43

DF determined by

Answer 43

sound source

Question 44

can DF be adjustable & how

Answer 44

Yes changing depth : view

Question 45

what is the maxi value : DF & how is it achieved

Answer 45

1 or 100 % Continuous wave

Question 46

what. is the mini i value : DF & how is it achieved

Answer 46

0% only when transducer is silent

Question 47

how can sonographer change DF

Answer 47

altering imaging depth

Question 48

parameters that describes both pulse & continuous wave sound ( 4)

Answer 48

1. period 2. frequency 3.wavelength 4. propagation speed

Question 49

Intensities

Question 50

5 key words related to intensities : pulsed wave

Answer 50

1.spatial 2. peak 3. average 4.temporal 5. pulsed

Question 51

spatial

Answer 51

distance or space

Question 52

peak

Answer 52

max value

Question 53

average

Answer 53

middle value

Question 54

temporal

Answer 54

all time, transmits ( Pulse duration) / receive

Question 55

pulsed

Answer 55

transmit time ( pulse duration)

Question 56

spatial peak intensity (Isp)

Answer 56

beam intensity at location where its max

Question 57

spatial average intensity ( ISA)

Answer 57

average intensity across > beam entire cross sectional area

Question 58

Imax / Im

Answer 58

determining average intensity during most intense half cycle

Question 58

temporal peak intensity (Itp)

Answer 58

measures intensity : beam at instant > time : max value

Question 59

pulse average intensity (Ipa)

Answer 59

average intensity during pulse duration - transmit intensity

Question 60

temporal average intensity (Ita)

Answer 60

averaging intensity during entire pulse repetition period - both transmit /receive time

Question 61

Isptp

Answer 61

measured at location where intensity = max at instant time when most powerful part : pulse passes

Question 62

Isppa

Answer 62

measured at location where intensity = min averaged over transmit time ( Pulse duration

Question 63

Ispta

Answer 63

measured at location where intensity > max / averaged over all time, both transmit / receive time

Question 64

Isata

Answer 64

measured over entire cross sectional area : sound beam & over all time