Chapter 4

Question 1

Teratogen

Answer 1

Envt agent causing harm to embryo/fetus

Question 2

Germinal period

Answer 2

First 2 weeks- release of oocyte into uterine tube, fertilized, zygote divides forming blastomere, 12-15 blastomeres (morula) morula becomes blastocyst in uterus, sinks under endometrium.

Question 3

Embryonic period

Answer 3

3-8 weeks
Inner layers- endoderm
Outer layers- ectoderm & mesoderm

Question 4

Endoderm

Answer 4

Development for digestive and respiratory systems

Question 5

Ectoderm

Answer 5

Basis for nervous system , skin features

Question 6

Mesoderm

Answer 6

Circulatory, muscles, bones, excretory, reproductive

Question 7

When placenta, umbilical cord, and amnion develop

Answer 7

Embryonic stage

Question 8

Most susceptible to influences of teratogen

Answer 8

Embryonic

Question 9

Week 9-birth

Answer 9

Fetal period

Question 10

Fas

Answer 10

1-300 births

Question 11

Alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorders (arnd)

Answer 11

Less severe

Question 12

Neonatal abstinence syndrome

Answer 12

Hyperactivity, irritability

Question 13

Out comes of fas and arnd

Answer 13

Growth deficiency, cns dysfunctions, craniofacial anomalies

Question 14

Cocaine

Answer 14

Most dangerous to unborn

Question 15

Cocaine babies

Answer 15

Poor reflexes, irratible, mental retardation, constricted passage of nutrients, greater risk of sudden infant death syndrome,

Question 16

Tobacco products

Answer 16

Carbon monoxide nicotine

Question 17

Nicotine contributes to fetal hypoxia

Answer 17

Adrenals release epinephrine, constricting placentas blood vessels

Question 18

Mj

Answer 18

No known obstetric effects

Question 19

Prescriptive drugs

Answer 19

Possible side eff

Question 20

No prescriptive drugs

Answer 20

Consult

Question 21

Aspirin

Answer 21

Bleeding of skull, posters birth. Long labor, great risk after few weeks of giving birth

Question 22

Tylenol

Answer 22

Lack amniotic fluid

Question 23

Rubella

Answer 23

Viral- swollen lymph? Headache, pink rash on face, congenital if passed by mother

Question 24

HIV

Answer 24

Can get infected

Question 25

Developmental disabilities in HIV children

Answer 25

Muscle weakness, impaired brain growth, develormtal milestone failures, seizures

Question 26

Toxoplasmosis

Answer 26

Cat

Question 27

Rh factor

Answer 27

Additional protein to blood , if conceive Rh positive child and mom is Rh negative body sees as threat and attacks w/antibodies

Question 28

Erythroblastosis

Answer 28

Rh positive offspring exposed to antibodies of rh negative mother

Question 29

Erythroblastosis

Answer 29

Include anemia, edema, jaundice

Question 30

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 30

Maternal hyperglycemia- infant fat increase

Question 31

Chromosomal disorder - meiotic nondisjunction

Answer 31

47 chromosomes (trisomic)

Question 32

Down syndrome (chrom disorder)

Answer 32

Trisomy 21

Question 33

Down syndrome motor

Answer 33

Walk at 2 instead of 1 Speech development slow Close set eyes, short thick neck, small square head Trisomy 21

Question 34

``` Gene based disorders PKU Cf Fragile x Sickle cell ```

Answer 34

PKU disturbance of aa metabolism

Question 35

CF

Answer 35

1/2 die before 30 Thick mucus Lung infection and scar tissue

Question 36

Sickle cell

Answer 36

Mutation of hemoglobin Inheriting two genes results in sickle cell disease Circulatory problems

Question 37

Fragile x

Answer 37

Mutation in FMR1 gene - leads to autism

Question 38

Motor for fragile x

Answer 38

Weak muscles, hyperextensible joints , awkwardness of moving

Question 39

Prenatal diagnostic procedures

Answer 39

``` Ultrasound Amniocentesis CVS- chorionic villus sampling AFP- alpha-fetoprotein test Triple marker screening ```

Question 40

Ultrasound

Answer 40

High freq sound waves

Question 41

Amniocentesis

Answer 41

Needle in an wall Remove amniotic fluid Chromosomal disorders, neural tube defects

Question 42

CVS

Answer 42

10-12 weeks gestation 3 Times as dangerous as amniocentesis Take villi from placenta

Question 43

AFP

Answer 43

15-20 weeks Blood test of alpha fetoprotein Chromosomal disorders

Question 44

Triple marker

Answer 44

Blood drawn testing 3 things-

Question 45

Caloric intake

Answer 45

300 cal per day

Question 46

Pregravid weight

Answer 46

Prior to gestation

Question 47

Ideal- 25-35 lb Over- 15-25 Under-28-40

Answer 47

Pre gravid weight

Question 48

What nutrient important?

Answer 48

Protein

Question 49

Grandmother effect

Answer 49

Second and first generation carry effects of poor nutrition

Question 50

LBW

Answer 50

5.56 lb

Question 51

VLBW

Answer 51

1500 g

Question 52

ELBW

Answer 52

500 g

Question 53

Small for gestational age

Answer 53

Full (40 w) or pre(37) different effects on motor skills

Question 54

Maternal response to exercise

Answer 54

Blood volume increase 35-45%

Question 55

Moderation in exercise

Answer 55

Fetus can't decrease body temp

Question 56

Fetal response to exercise

Answer 56

Heartbeat increases