Chapter 4

Question 1

Tissue

Answer 1

Group of cells of a similar type that work together to serve a common function

Question 2

4 types of tissue

Answer 2

• epithelial
• connective
• muscle
• nervous

Question 3

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 3

Covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and organs, and forms glands

Question 4

Connective Tissue

Answer 4

• Serves as a storage site for fat
• plays an important role in immunity
• provides the body with protection and support

Question 5

Muscle Tissue

Answer 5

Body movement and movement of substances through the body

Question 6

Nervous Tissue

Answer 6

Conducts nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 7

Epithelial Tissue share two characteristics:

Answer 7

Free surface and basement membrane

Question 8

Free surface may be specialized for:

Answer 8

Protection, secretion, or absorption

Question 9

Basement membrane

Answer 9

Non cellular layer that binds the epithelial cells to underlying connective tissue and helps the epithelial Tissue resist stretching

Question 10

3 shapes of epithelial cells

Answer 10

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 11

Squamous epithelium

Answer 11

Flattened or scale like. Form linings in blood vessels and lungs

Question 12

Cuboidal epithelium

Answer 12

Cube shaped; found in many glands and the lining of kidney tubules

Question 13

Columnar epithelium

Answer 13

Elongated column shaped; found in the small intestine

Question 14

Stratified epithelium

Answer 14

Often protective due to its multiple layers

Question 15

Gland

Answer 15

Epithelial Tissue that secretes a product

Question 16

Exocrine glands

Answer 16

Secrete their product into ducts leading to body surfaces, cavities, or organs

Question 17

Endocrine glands

Answer 17

Lack ducts; secrete hormones into spaces just outside the cells

Question 18

__________ ______ is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body

Answer 18

Connective Tissue

Question 19

All connective tissues contain…

Answer 19

Cells embedded in an extra cellular matrix

Question 20

Extra-cellular matrix

Answer 20

Consists of protein fibers and a noncellular material called ground substance

Question 21

Ground substance

Answer 21

May be solid (bone) fluid (blood) or gelatinous (cartilage)

Question 22

Connective Tissue is made up mostly of its ______

Answer 22

Matrix

Question 23

Three types of protein fibers in connective tissue matrix

Answer 23

• collagen fiber
• elastic fiber
• reticular fiber

Question 24

Collagen, elastic, reticular fibers produced by

Answer 24

fibroblasts

Question 25

Two categories of connective tissue

Answer 25

proper and specialized

Question 26

connective tissue proper

Answer 26

areolar adipose dense

Question 27

specialized connective tissue

Answer 27

cartilage bone blood

Question 28

areolar

Answer 28

- widely distributed under skin, around organs, and muscles | - structure and cushions

Question 29

adipose

Answer 29

- fat under skin and around organs | - energy storage, insulation, cushions organs

Question 30

dense

Answer 30

- tendons (bone to muscle) - ligaments (bone to bone) - structural support

Question 31

cartilage

Answer 31

- provides flexible support and cushions - ears, nose - joint cartilage lines bones - disks b/w vertebrae (absorbs shock)

Question 32

bone

Answer 32

- structure, protection, movement - storage of lipids (yellow marrow) - calcium, phosphorus, and production of red blood cells (red marrow)

Question 33

blood

Answer 33

- transport oxygen, CO2, nutrients - liquid matrix, plasma - cells and cell fragments, platelets - fibers, soluble proteins

Question 34

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 34

skeletal cardiac smooth

Question 35

skeletal

Answer 35

- voluntary contraction | - contractile protein, actin and myosin

Question 36

cardiac

Answer 36

- involuntary contraction | - wall heart

Question 37

smooth

Answer 37

- involuntary contraction | - walls of digestive system, blood vessels, and tubules of urinary tract

Question 38

nervous tissue

Answer 38

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 39

2 cell types of nervous tissue

Answer 39

- neurons | - neuroglia (glial cells)

Question 40

neuron

Answer 40

generate and conduct nerve impulses

Question 41

neuroglia

Answer 41

provides nutrients, support, insulate, and protect neurons

Question 42

organ

Answer 42

structure composed of two or more different tissues that work together to perform a function

Question 43

integumentary system

Answer 43

-protection, limits water loss, temperature regulation, excretion of wastes, sensory detection of external stimuli

Question 44

skin layers

Answer 44

- epidermis: composed of layers of epithelial cells, constantly shed and replaced, keratinized (outermost dead) - dermis: dense connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, glands, nerves

Question 45

skin color

Answer 45

- pigment (melanin) - color and size of granules - blood flow

Question 46

accessory structures

Answer 46

- hair and nails (modified skin cells) - glands (oil, wax, sweat) - insulation, protection, sensory

Question 47

homeostasis

Answer 47

maintenance of relatively stable internal environment despite external conditions -organ systems interact to provide controlled environments for cellular functions

Question 48

negative feedback mechanism

Answer 48

corrective measures that slow or reverse a variation from the normal value of a factor. (maintain homeostasis) -sensor -> control center -> effector