Chapter 4

Question 1

Physical Development is ____ in the first two years of life

Answer 1

Extensive

Question 2

Height and Weight in Newbors

Answer 2

Big head. Can’t hold up their heads but have some reflexes

Question 3

Height and weight changes in 12 months

Answer 3

Capable of sitting standing climbing and walking

Question 4

Height and weight changes at the 2 year mark

Answer 4

Growth decelerated but Raipur increase in activities such as running and climbing

Question 5

Cephalocaudal

Answer 5

-Head to Tail-

The greatest development and growth takes place at the top of the body and development gradually moves downward

Question 6

Proximodistal

Answer 6

-Near to Far-

Growth starts at the center of the body and moves towards the furthest point of your body.

Infants can control their arms before controlling their hands and fingers

Question 7

Cell Body

Answer 7

Containing central part of a neuron exclusive of its axon and dendrites that are major structural elements for the brain spinal chord

Question 8

Extending from the ____ ____ ____ are 2 types of fibers known as axons and dendrites

Answer 8

Neurons cell body

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

Transmit info away from the cell body

Question 10

Dendrites

Answer 10

Receive information from other neurons muscles or glands throughout the axon

Question 11

Myelin Sheath

Answer 11

Layer of fat cells.

Insulates the axon and helps electrical signals travel faster down the axon

Speed information transmission

Nature

Question 12

Myelination

Answer 12

The size of the cells in the brain are expanding that makes the brain grow

Question 13

At _____ there are huge brain connections then go down

Answer 13

6 years old

Question 14

Baby’s spend a lot of time in the ___ stage

Answer 14

REM stage

Question 15

How many hours per day do babies sleep

Answer 15

18

Question 16

Adult like sleep… after _____ adult like sleep occurs with patterns and brain movements

Answer 16

6 months

Question 17

Maramus

Answer 17

A wasting away of body tissue in the infants 1st year caused by severe protein calorie deficiency

Question 18

Kwashiorkor

Answer 18

Condition caused by severe protein deficiency. Abdomen and feet become swollen with water. Appears 1 to 3 years old

Question 19

When breast-feeding increases what rates decrease

Answer 19

Death

Question 20

Dynamic system theory

Answer 20

Infants assemble motor skills for being aware and active

To develop motor skills and friends must see something that motivates them to act and use their perceptions

The perspective on motor development that explains how motor behaviors are assembled for being aware and active.

Question 21

Rooting reflex

Answer 21

When infants cheek or side of mouth is stroked they will turn their head to the side that was touched and effort to find something to suck on

Question 22

Sucking reflex

Answer 22

Automatic reaction to suck on object placed in its mouth. Self soothing and nourishment

Question 23

Moro reflex

Answer 23

Response to a sudden intense noise. The baby will extend out and then rapidly pull there arms and legs close together

Question 24

Grasping reflex

Answer 24

Reflect that occurs when something touches the infants palm and they grasp tightly

Question 25

Gross motor skills

Answer 25

Involves large muscle activities such as walking

Question 26

Sensation

Answer 26

Interaction between information and the sensory receptors ( eyes, ears, nostrils, skin, tongue)

Question 27

Perception

Answer 27

Interpretation of what is sensed. Air waves that contact ears interpreted as noice or music

Question 28

Robert Franz study on visual preference method

Answer 28

A method used to determine whether infants can distinguish one object from another by measuring the length of time they attended to different objects or colors

Question 29

Infants 2 to 3 weeks see

Answer 29

Patterns not colors or brightness. They look at faces longer than colors

Question 30

Needham study on sticky mittens

Answer 30

3 month old got mittens and could pick up object that they couldn’t pick up yet. They explored objects they wouldn’t be able to at this point in development

Question 31

Intermodal perception

Answer 31

The ability to relate and integrate info from 2 or more sensory modalities. You see the train and hear the train at the same time

Question 32

Basic abilities of newborns: Vision

Answer 32

At birth the nerves muscles and lens are still developing. Newborns cannot see far away. By one year their vision is clear

Question 33

Basic abilities of newborns: sound location + pitch

Answer 33

From birth the baby will pay attention to high-pitched sounds. By three months the Temporel lobe will improve. Baby’s hearing, language, smell will be active

Question 34

Depth perception visual cliff experiment

Answer 34

Better indication of the infants social referencing and fear of heights not depth perception We don’t know how early in life infants perceive depth Infants develop the ability to use binocular cues to depth by 3-4 months of age

Question 35

Habituation

Answer 35

Decrease responsiveness to a stimulus after reacting times. The babies are interested for the first time but then decrease and are not interested anymore by the 10th time