Chapter 4 Flashcards
(39 cards)
What is the name of the theory that says acids release H= ions and bases release OH- ions, and the cation from the base and anion from the acid make a salt?
Arrhenius theory
What does the Bronsted-Lowry theory say about acids?
An acid donates an H+ ion
What does the Bronsted-Lowry theory say about bases?
A base accepts an H+ ion.
In a Bronsted-Lowry equilibrium, acids and bases can be found on which sides of the formula?
Both
What do you call the H3O+ ion?
Hydronium
What is a conjugate acid/base pair?
Two substances on opposite sides of the formula that differ by an H+ ion.
What do you call a chemical species that can act as both an acid and a base?
Amphiprotic
Are uncharged substances usually amphiprotic?
No.
What charge are amphiprotic species usually?
negative
Does the strength of an acid or base depend on concentration?
No.
What is the strength of an acid/base?
The ability to produce ions in solution (dissociate)
What do you call an acid that completely ionizes in solution?
Strong acid.
What do you call an acid that only partially ionizes in solution?
Weak acid.
Is an equilibrium an indicator of a strong or weak acid/base?
WEAK
What do you call a base that completely dissociates in solution?
Strong base
What do you call a base that partially dissociates in solution?
Weak base.
What does the acid/base ionization constant not include?
Water
What is the acid ionization constant equation? (Ka)
Ka = [product] [H3O] / [reactant]
What is the base ionization constant equation? (Kb)
Kb = [product] [OH-] / [reactant]
If Keq > 1 then the reaction favours the
reactants
If Keq < 1 then the reaction favours the
products
What levels the strength of strong acid/bases?
Water
What do you call it when two water molecules automatically exchange an H+ ion between them?
The autoionization of water
What is the ionization constant for water? (Kw)
Kw = [H3O+] [OH-] = 1.00x10^-14 = 25 degrees
