Chapter 4 Flashcards
When did pragmatic paradigm begin, why and with who?
William James, John Dewey, George Herbert Mead and Arthur F. Bentley; 19th century; believed that truth could be discovered through the use of scientific methods
Which philosophers have distinquished themselves as neopragmists?
Kaplan, Rorty, and West; emphasis on common sense and practical thinking
What is the axiological assumption of Pragmatic?
Gain knowledge in the pursuit of desired ends, as influenced by the evaluators values and politics
Pragmatists see the value of an evaluation in terms of____and the____________.
how it is used; the results of that use
Ontological assumption of Pragmatic?
There is a single reality, and all individuals have their own unique interpretation of reality.
the value of evaluaions is not based on whether they discover the truth but on the demonstration that the results work with respect to the problem that is being studied.
What is epistemological assumption of PRagmatic?
Relationships in evaluation are determined by what the evaluator deems as appropriate to that particular study.
They are free to study what interests you and utilize the results in a way that can bring about positive consequence within your value system.
Methodological assumption of pragmatic?
Match methods to specific questions and purposes of research; mixed methods can be sued as evaluators work back and forth b/w various approaches
Daniel Stufflebeam
Began his career in the 60s by dev’t of objectives for educational programs, measurement of outcomes to see if measurement were acheived. He developed CIPP model.
What does the CIPP stand for in the CIPP model?
Context, input, process, and product;
Evaluators should have a more expansive role which starts with critical eval. of the program’s objec., what is needed to make the program work, the extent to which the program is being implemented as planned, and what the outcomes are.
Who were some Use Branch theorists?
Stufflebeam, Weiss, Wholey, Chelimsky, Patton, Preskill, Fetterman, Wandersman, King, Cousins, and Alkin
Stufflebeam also suggested that the evaluators focus should be on a process of ____________.
creating information to support managerial decisions
Carol Weiss worked in a ____________ perspective.
Social sceince; she explored the connection b/w evaluation and policy making; she saw program theory as the evaluator’s responsibility
Weiss recognized that evaluations are sometimes used for _______ reasons.
political, persuasion, or symbolic reasons
_____________ worked in public policy making and the culture of results-oriented managment practices in public an non-profit orgnaaizations. He suggested that the role of evaluators is to faciliate dev’t of agreed upon goals and strategies, measure intended outcomes, and encourage use of findings.
Joseph Wholey
Eleanor Chelimsky
1st director of evaluation at the U.S. General Accounting Office; shared wisdom and experience on the use of evaluation to influence policy
What 2 steps did Patton take to aid stakeholders in his evaluation study to understand and find evaluations useful?
- training programs to educ. consumers about what evaluation is and how it can benefit organizations.
- research on what influeces the degree of use of eval. findings as well as strategies to enhance that use.
What is an evaluation approach developed by Patton in which evaluation is carried out for and with intended primary users to collect info. related to specific intended users.
Utilization-focused evaluation
* Its unique in that he believed in collaborating throughout the process not just in the summative evaluation.
Developmental evaluation
Patton; organizations need to be continually adapting to changes in the enrvironment, continuous info. to support informed decisions
What did Hallie Preskill do?
her research revealed that instrumental use was more common at the local program level and that conceptual use was more common at the policy level
