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Bio 189 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bonds can carbon form?

A

Up to 4

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2
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The study of compounds containing carbon

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3
Q

What are carbons most frequent bonding partners

A

Hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

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4
Q

Valence

A

Number of covalent bonds it can form

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5
Q

Hydrocarbon

A

Consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

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6
Q

What are the 4 ways that carbon skeletons can vary?

A

Length, branching, double bond, rings

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7
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds that have the same numbers of atoms of the same elements but different structures and hence different properties

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8
Q

Structural isomers

A

Differ in covalent arrangement of their atoms

May also differ in location of double bonds

linear and branch

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9
Q

Cis-trans isomers

A

Covalent bonds to the same atoms but differ in spatial arrangements due to inflexibility of double bond

CIS = Same side TRANS = Across from each other

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10
Q

Enantiomers

A

Isomers that are mirror images of each other and differ in shape

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11
Q

Functional groups

A

Components of Organic Molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

hooking these to carbon back bone to do the work

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12
Q

What are the 7 chemical groups most important in biological processes

A 
Hydroxyl
Carbonyl
Carboxyl 
Amino
Sulfhydryl 
Phosphate
Methyl *not reactive *hydrophobic
  • first 6 are chemically reactive
  • connected to carbon backbone
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13
Q

How is the hydroxyl group written?

A

(-OH) Oxygen and Hydrogen, POLAR

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14
Q

How is the carbonyl group written?

A

(>c=0) Carbon with an Oxygen, POLAR

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15
Q

How is the Carboxyl group written?

A

(-COOH) Hydroxyl + Carboxyl group combined. POLAR

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16
Q

How is the Amino group written?

A

(-NH2) Nitrogen and Hydrogen POLAR.

17
Q

How is the Sulfhrdyl group written?

A

(-SH) Sulfure + Hydrogen. POLAR

18
Q

How is the Phosphate group written?

A

(-OPO3^2-) Phosphurous. POLAR

19
Q

How is the Methyl group written?

A

(-CH3) Carbon bonded to 3 hydrogens. NON POLAR. Hyrdopobhic

20
Q

What chemical group is “alcohol” apart of?

A

Hydroxyl group

21
Q

What chemical group is Ketone and Aldehyde apart of ?

A

Carbonyl group

22
Q

What chemical group is Carboxylic acid and organic acid apart of?

A

Carboxl group

23
Q

What group is Amine apart of?

A

Amino group

24
Q

What group is Thiol apart of?

A

Sulfhydryl group

25
Q

What group is organic phosphate apart of?

A

Phosphate group

26
Q

What group is Methylated compound apart of?

A

Methyl group

27
Q

Saturated

A

no double bond in carbon back bone

cant hold anything else.

28
Q

unsaturated

A

double bond in carbon back bone

c=c carbon to carbon double bond

29
Q

polyunsaturated

A

more than one double bond in the carbon chain

Bio 189 (22 decks)

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