Chapter 8

Question 1

What is the first law of thermodynamics? Aka principle of conservation of energy

Answer 1

Energy can be transferred and transformed but cannot be created or destroyed Energy in the universe is constant

Question 2

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

Answer 2

Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe.

Question 3

Metabolism

Answer 3

The totality of an organisms chemical reactions

Question 4

Metabolic pathway

Answer 4

Step by step series of interconnected bichemical reactions

Question 5

Catabolic pathways

Answer 5

Degradative process. Release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds

Question 6

Anabolic pathways aka bio synthetic pathways

Answer 6

Consume energy to build up complicated molecules from simpler ones

Question 7

Bioenergetics

Answer 7

Study of how energy flows through living organisms

Question 8

Energy

Answer 8

Capacity to cause change Ability to rearrange a collection of matter

Question 9

Kinetic energy

Answer 9

Relative motion of objects

Question 10

Thermal energy

Answer 10

Kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or molecules

Question 11

Heat

Answer 11

Thermal energy in transfer from one object to another

Question 12

Potential energy

Answer 12

Energy that is not kinetic Energy matter possesses because of its location or structure

Question 13

Chemical energy

Answer 13

Potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Question 14

Thermodynamics

Answer 14

The study of energy transformation that occur in a collection of matter

Question 15

Entropy

Answer 15

Measure of molecular disorder or randomness

Question 16

Spontaneous process

Answer 16

Spontaneous processor a given process leads to an increase in entropy (Disorder) that process can proceed without requiring an input of energy Energetically favorable

Question 17

What is one major catabolic pathway?

Answer 17

cellular respiration. which breaks down glucose and other organic fuels in the presence of oxygen to carbon dioxide and water.

Question 18

Non spontaneous process

Answer 18

a process on its own leads to a decrease in entropy

Question 19

Free energy

Answer 19

is the portion of a systems energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system

Question 20

What is the free energy equation?

Answer 20

Question 21

Processes with a negative ^G are shown to be

Answer 21

spontaneous

Question 22

Every spontaneous process decreases a systems..

Answer 22

free energy

Question 23

Process that have a positive or a Zero ^ G are..

Answer 23

never spontaneous

Question 24

G final state - G initial state =

Answer 24

^G

Question 25

Exergonic reaction

Answer 25

are those that occur spontaneously

G is negative

Question 26

Unstable systems have a higher..

Question 27

Endergonic reaction

Answer 27

is one that absorbs free energy from its surroundings

^G is postive = non spontaneous