Chapter 4- Ancient Greece

Question 1

shrine

Answer 1

an area dedicated to the honor of a god or goddess

Question 2

fresco

Answer 2

a watercolor painting done on wet plaster

Question 3

Trojan War

Answer 3

a war that took place around 1250 B.C.; it probably originated in the economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy

Question 4

strait

Answer 4

a narrow water passage

Question 5

Homer

Answer 5

a Greek poet who probably lived around 750 B.C. and traveled from village to village repeating tales of heroic deeds

Question 6

Knossos

Answer 6

the location of a vast palace of the Minoan rulers

Question 7

polis

Answer 7

a city-state in ancient Greece

Question 8

acropolis

Answer 8

section of a city at a higher elevation with great marble temples dedicated to deities

Question 9

citizen

Answer 9

free resident of a city-state

Question 10

monarchy

Answer 10

a government in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power

Question 11

aristocracy

Answer 11

rule by a hereditary landholding elite

Question 12

oligarchy

Answer 12

a form of government in which power is in the hands of a small, wealthy elite

Question 13

phalanx

Answer 13

a massive tactical formation of heavily armed foot soldiers

Question 14

Sparta

Answer 14

a city-state built by the Dorians in which daily life was ruled by military discipline

Question 15

Athens

Answer 15

a Greek city-state that moved slowly toward democracy

Question 16

democracy

Answer 16

government by the people

Question 17

tyrant

Answer 17

a ruler who gained power by force

Question 18

legislature

Answer 18

a lawmaking body

Question 19

alliance

Answer 19

a formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another’s defense

Question 20

Pericles

Answer 20

Athenian statesman during the golden age of Athens

Question 21

direct democracy

Answer 21

a system of government in which citizens take part directly in day-to-day affairs of government

Question 22

stipend

Answer 22

a fixed salary

Question 23

jury

Answer 23

a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgement in a trial

Question 24

ostracism

Answer 24

a process by which a public figure is banished from the city for a period of years

Question 25

philosopher

Answer 25

thinkers, or "lovers of wisdom"

Question 26

logic

Answer 26

rational thinking

Question 27

rhetoric

Answer 27

the art of skillful speaking

Question 28

Socrates

Answer 28

an Athenian stonemason and philosopher who challenged people to seek truth and self-knowledge

Question 29

Plato

Answer 29

a student of Socrates and author of The Republic

Question 30

Aristotle

Answer 30

Plato's most famous student, who wrote about politics, ethics, logic, and science

Question 31

Parthenon

Answer 31

a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena

Question 32

tragedy

Answer 32

a play that told a story of human suffering that usually ended in disaster

Question 33

comedy

Answer 33

a humorous play that mocked people or customs

Question 34

Herodotus

Answer 34

a writer called the "Father of History" in the Western world

Question 35

Alexander the Great

Answer 35

Macedonian leader who conquered the Persian empire and spread Greek culture during the 300s B.C.

Question 36

Philip II

Answer 36

father of Alexander the Great, a Macedonian leader who conquered Greece

Question 37

assassination

Answer 37

the murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons

Question 38

assimilate

Answer 38

to absorb into another culture

Question 39

Alexandria

Answer 39

a city in Egypt that stood at the heart of the Hellenistic world

Question 40

Pythagoras

Answer 40

a Greek mathematician who derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle

Question 41

heliocentric

Answer 41

sun-centered

Question 42

Archimedes

Answer 42

a Hellenistic scientist who applied principles of physics to make practical inventions

Question 43

Hippocrates

Answer 43

a Greek physician who studied the causes of illnesses, looked for cures, and had an oath attributed to him that set ethical standards for doctors

Question 44

Which Greek-speaking people dominated the Aegean world from about 1400 B.C. to 1200 B.C., and probably started the Trojan War?

Answer 44

Mycenaeans

Question 45

The success of the Minoans and Mycenaeans was based on what?

Answer 45

Trade

Question 46

Who was the author of the Illiad and the Odyssey?

Answer 46

Homer

Question 47

From 1100 B.C. to 900 B.C., Greek Civilization what?

Answer 47

Came under attack and its power faded

Question 48

How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans shape early Greek civilizations?

Answer 48

They wrote literature such as the Illiad and Trojan War by Homer or They made city-states and farmed or War tactics

Question 49

How did geography help shape Greek civilization?

Answer 49

Mountains and islands led to smaller, isolated communities

Question 50

What is a statement that correctly describes Athenian democracy?

Answer 50

Athens gave more people a say in government than other ancient civilizations

Question 51

What was one factor that helped unify all the Greek city-states?

Answer 51

Their common culture

Question 52

How did government and culture develop as Greek city-states grew?

Answer 52

The Greeks learned how to govern each polis and came up with new ideas to govern each city-state

Question 53

Why did Pericles approve of paying people to serve in government?

Answer 53

It allowed poor men to serve

Question 54

Who was a philosopher sentenced to death for his views?

Answer 54

Socrates

Question 55

Who was the "Father of History" in the Western world?

Answer 55

Herodotus

Question 56

Aristotle analyzed all forms of government and favored rule by what?

Answer 56

a strong, virtuous leader

Question 57

What did Greek sculptures try to show?

Answer 57

people in their most perfect, graceful form

Question 58

What did the first Greek plays grow out of?

Answer 58

religious festivals to honor the gods

Question 59

What's the Greeks most important achievement? Why?

Answer 59

Peloponnesian War because it achieved wealth for Athens

Question 60

What was Alexander's most lasting achievement?

Answer 60

the spread of Greek culture

Question 61

What was the Egyptian cultural capitol of the Hellenistic world?

Answer 61

Alexandria

Question 62

What did Alexander encourage in his empire?

Answer 62

a blending of cultures

Question 63

Who was a Greek physician who set ethical standards for doctors?

Answer 63

Hippocrates

Question 64

Who were two outstanding Hellenistic mathematicians?

Answer 64

Pythagoras and Euclid