Chapter 7

Question 1

Franks

Answer 1

a Germanic tribe that conquered present-day France and neighboring lands in the 400s

Question 2

Clovis

Answer 2

king of the Franks who established a kingdom in Western Europe after the fall of the Roman empire

Question 3

Charles Martel

Answer 3

a Frankish leader who rallied warriors to push Muslims out of France

Question 4

battle of Tours

Answer 4

a battle in which Christians stopped the Muslim advance into Western Europe

Question 5

Charlemagne

Answer 5

the grandson of Charles Martel; he briefly United Western Europe when he built an empire stretching across France and Germany

Question 6

Magyars

Answer 6

nomadic people who overran Eastern Europe and parts of Western Europe after A.D. 900

Question 7

Vikings

Answer 7

farmers and expert sailors from Scandanavia who raided European river towns starting in the late 700s

Question 8

feudalism

Answer 8

a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords

Question 9

vassal

Answer 9

a lesser lord in the system of feudalism

Question 10

feudal contract

Answer 10

an exchange of pledges that created the political and economic relationship between lords and vassals

Question 11

fief

Answer 11

an estate

Question 12

knight

Answer 12

a mounted warrior

Question 13

tournament

Answer 13

a mock battle fought by knights

Question 14

chivalry

Answer 14

a code of conduct adopted by Knights which required them to be brave, loyal, and true to their word

Question 15

troubadour

Answer 15

a wandering musician

Question 16

manor

Answer 16

a lord’s estate

Question 17

serf

Answer 17

peasant on a manor

Question 18

sacrament

Answer 18

a sacred right of the Church

Question 19

Benedictine Rule

Answer 19

regulations for monastic life created by a monk named Benedict and used by monasteries and converts across Europe

Question 20

secular

Answer 20

nonreligious; having to do with the worldly, rather than the religious

Question 21

papal supremacy

Answer 21

authority of the pope over all secular rulers, including kings and emperors

Question 22

canon law

Answer 22

the body of laws developed by the Church

Question 23

excommunication

Answer 23

the penalty of forbidding someone from receiving the sacraments or a Christian burial

Question 24

interdict

Answer 24

an order excluding an entire town, region, or kingdom from receiving most sacraments and Christian burial

Question 25

friar

Answer 25

monk who traveled and preached to the poor

Question 26

St. Francis of Assisi

Answer 26

a wealthy Italian who gave up his comfortable life and founded the first order of friars

Question 27

charter

Answer 27

a written document that set out the rights and privileges of a town

Question 28

capital

Answer 28

money for investment

Question 29

partnership

Answer 29

a group of merchants who pooled their funds to finance a large-scale venture

Question 30

tenant farmer

Answer 30

a farmer who paid rent for his land

Question 31

medieval

Answer 31

relating to the culture of Europe during the Middle Ages

Question 32

middle class

Answer 32

a new social class ranked between nobles and peasants

Question 33

Why did Pope Leo III proclaim Charlemagne to be Emperor of the Roman Empire?

Answer 33

because Charlemagne had crushed a rebellion in Rome

Question 34

What was one long-term result of the crowning of Charlemagne?

Answer 34

the deepening of the split between eastern and western Christians

Question 35

What is a statement that describes events after Charlemagne's death?

Answer 35

Charlemagne's grandsons fought for control; his kingdom was divided

Question 36

How was Charlemagne significant in the development of Europe?

Answer 36

He spread Christianity to conquered people, and established a strong government.

Question 37

Who was the feudal contract usually between?

Answer 37

a great lord and their vassal

Question 38

What was a medieval manor?

Answer 38

a self-sufficient unit

Question 39

How did feudalism affect Europe's medieval economy?

Answer 39

it provided a smooth process to where everyone knew what they owed to others, and earned things for themselves too.

Question 40

What did a parish priest's duties include?

Answer 40

administering sacraments and helping the needy

Question 41

What did monks in monasteries work as?

Answer 41

farmers, missionaries, and scholars

Question 42

What describes the role of the popes in the Middle Ages?

Answer 42

they were spiritual leaders who also exercised secular power

Question 43

Why did the Church have so much influence in Medieval Europe?

Answer 43

It held political power in addition to religious power

Question 44

What crop restored fertility to the soil in the three-field system of rotating crops?

Answer 44

legumes

Question 45

What was a main goal of guilds?

Answer 45

to cooperate to protect shared economic interests