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uts ni sir vincent > Chapter 4 and 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 and 5 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the scientific study of how human
thinks, feel, and behave.

A

Psychology

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2
Q

what are the four goals of psychology

A

describe, explain, predict, modify

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3
Q

One of the goals of psychology “what the person is doing”

A

Describe

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4
Q

One of the goals of psychology “why is s/he doing that”

A

Explain

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5
Q

One of the goals of psychology “what is he doing to do”

A

Predict

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6
Q

One of the goals of psychology “how can we change the behavior”

A

Modify

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7
Q

“of relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity”

A

Cognitive

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8
Q
  • A Swiss clinical psychologist who
    pioneered the Theory of Cognitive
    Development .
    -The theory deals with the nature of
    knowledge itself; and how humans
    gradually come to acquire and use it
A

Jean Piaget

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9
Q

For him, cognitive development is a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting from biological maturation and environmental experience

A

Piaget

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10
Q

what are the basic component’s of Piaget’s cognitive theory?

A

Schemas, adaptation, stages of cognitive development

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11
Q

Basic components of Piaget’s cognitive theory which mental organizations used to understand the environment

A

Schemas

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12
Q

Basic components of Piaget’s cognitive theory which a child’s process in encountering situational conditions

A

Adaptation

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13
Q

Basic components of Piaget’s cognitive theory that focused on the growing expertise of child’s thought process

A

Stages of Cognitive development

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14
Q

It is the process of getting new information that is already active in our schemas. This operation is somewhat subjective for the reason we tend to change information and experiences that could fit in with our pre-existing beliefs

A

Assimilation

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15
Q

It is procedure known as a part of adaptation involves that altering or changing the existing schemas, as a result of a new experiences and information. During this process, a new schema might be developed.

A

Accommodation

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16
Q

Stages of Cognitive Theory

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete Operational
Formal Operational

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17
Q

Knowledge is through senses (tasting, seeing, smelling, touching, hearing)
Object permanence develops between to 4-9 months

A

Sensorimotor

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18
Q

Verbal and egocentric thinking develop
Can do mentally what one could only do physically
Conservation of shape, number, liquid not yet possible

A

Preoperational

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19
Q

Conservation of shape, number, liquid are now possible
Logic and reasoning develop, but are limited to

A

Concrete Operational

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20
Q

Abstract reasoning - principles and ideals develop
Systematic problem solving is now possible ( no longer just trial and error)
Ability to think about and reflect upon one’s thinking (metacognition)
Scientific reasoning

A

Formal Operational

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21
Q

The ability to realize that objects still exist when they are not being sensed

A

Object permanence

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22
Q

Believing that inanimate objects are alive

A

Animistic thinking

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23
Q

Not being capable of seeing things from another person’s perspective

A

Egocentrism

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24
Q

Recognition that when some properties (such as shape) of an object change, other properties ( such as volume) remain constant

A

Conservation

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25
Q

He is the father of
psychoanalysis. He is famous
for his work on human
nature and the unconscious

A

Sigmund Freud

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26
Q

pertains to our current thoughts, what we sense and think at the present. Freud did not delve in this level as he believes that it has minimal influence in our behavior.

A

Conscious

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27
Q

contains the thoughts that we can bring into our consciousness easily or with needed effort. These thoughts came from:
* Conscious Perception and Unconscious

A

Preconscious

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28
Q

contains our instincts, wishes and desires that drives our behavior. It is the focus of psychoanalytic theory
* Repressed Experiences

A

Unconscious

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29
Q
  • A person’s personality
    develops in early childhood
  • First 4-5 years of life; most
    crucial in personality
    formation; ‘formative years
  • Defined by erogenous zone
  • Conflict must be resolved to
    move to the next stage
A

Psychosexual stages

30
Q

psychic energy remains invested on one
stage leaving less energy for the next stage

A

Fixation

31
Q
  • areas of the body that are sensitive
    to pleasant and sensual feelings
    which gives rise to feelings of
    pleasure/ sexual feeling when
    stimulated
  • each region/zone is the center of
    conflict in different stages in the life
    of the infant/childhood
A

Erogenous zones

32
Q
  • pleasurable activities:
    sucking; biting; swallowing;
    feeding
  • primary object of the libido:
    mother/ primary caregiver
A

Oral stage

33
Q

oral passive personality (gullible, passive, needs a lot of attention, substance addiction)

A

Oral incorporative

34
Q

oral aggressive personality (adults who
are aggressive and like to argue)

A

Oral aggressive or oral sadistic

35
Q
  • pleasurable activities: retention of
    feces and willful defecation
  • toilet training: gratification of
    instinctual impulse (defecation) is
    interfered; regulating time and place
    of defecation
  • two ways the child reacts to toilet
    training:
A

Anal stage

36
Q

anal aggressive personality (disorderly, messy, destructive, cruel)

A

Anal expulsion

37
Q

anal retentive personality (stubborn, stingy,
orderly, and compulsively clean)
OCD and OCPD

A

Anal retention

38
Q

pleasurable activities: exploring
and manipulating genitals
(masturbation)
* Development of an individual’s
personality (depends greatly on
the child’s identification with the
parent)

A

Phallic stage

39
Q

evidence of strong narcissism ; difficulty in
establishing mature relationships

A

Phallic personality

40
Q
  • “safest stage”
  • sex instinct/urges are quiet
    and dormant
  • sublimation: school activities,
    sports, and hobbies;
    developing friendships
  • libido is transformed in
    acceptable activities
  • developing friendship with
    the same sex
A

Latency stage

41
Q
  • Genital personality: Freud’s ideal of
    full development; person enjoys a
    satisfying adult sexuality; capable of
    genuine love; loving others for
    altruistic reasons
  • Psychological maturity: attained if a
    person has passed through the earlier
    developmental periods in an ideal
    manner
A

Genital stage

42
Q

Freud’s ideal of full development; person enjoys a satisfying adult sexuality; capable of
genuine love; loving others for altruistic reasons

A

Genital personality

43
Q

attained if a person has passed through the earlier developmental periods in an ideal
manner

A

Psychological maturity

44
Q

Elaborated on the emergence of
self-concept and asserted that the
wide developmental changes is
observed across: early childhood,
later childhood, adolescence,
emerging adults

A

Dr. Susan Harter

45
Q

What are the two important concepts of self by Dr. Susan Harter?

A

Self-esteem and self-concept

46
Q

What are the development of self concept according to Harter?

A

Early childhood
Middle to Later childhood
Adolescence
Emerging adults

47
Q

Development of self concept which child describe the self in terms of concrete and
observable characteristics

A

Early childhood

48
Q

Development of self concept which self is described in terms of trait-like constructs
(e.g. shy, behaved, timid)

A

Middle to later childhood

49
Q

Development of self concept which emergence of more abstract self-definitions,
such as inner thoughts, emotions, attitudes, & motives

A

Adolescence

50
Q

Development of self concept that’s having a vision of “possible self”.

A

Emerging adults

51
Q

Father of American Psychology
His ground-breaking masterpiece
was “The Principle of Psychology.
He asserted that self lies at the
center of mental life.

A

William James

52
Q

The pure ego. The subjective self that is aware of its own actions.
➢A sense of being the agent of behavior
➢ A sense of being unique
➢ A sense of continuity
➢ A sense of awareness of being aware

A

I-self

53
Q

The object. The self you can describe, based on observation and experience

A

Me-self

54
Q

An American psychologist who was
one of the founders of humanistic
approach to psychology.

He asserted that all behavior is
motivated by self actualizing
tendencies and these drive you to
reach your potential.

A

Carl Rogers

55
Q

Emphasized the active role of the individual in shaping their internal and external worlds

A

Humanistic

56
Q

A person is an active, creative, experiencing
being who lives in the present and has a basic instinct to succeed at his highest capacity

A

Actualizing Tendency

57
Q

 includes such basic needs
as food, air, and safety; but
it also includes the tendency
to resist change and to seek
the status quo.

A

Need for Maintenance

58
Q

 people’s willingness to learn things that are not immediately
rewarding
 are expressed in a variety of forms, including curiosity,
playfulness, self-exploration, friendship, and confidence
 animals and plants have an inherent tendency to grow toward
reaching their genetic potential— provided certain conditions
are present.

A

Need for Enhancement

59
Q

What are the two subsystems of self?

A

Self concept
Ideal self

60
Q

 all those aspects of one’s being and one’s experiences that are perceived in awareness (though not always accurately) by the individual.

A

Self concept

61
Q

 one’s view of self as one wishes to be.
 A wide gap between the ideal self and the self-concept indicates incongruence and an unhealthy personality

A

Ideal self

62
Q

Conditions to achieve actualizing tendency

A

Congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathy

63
Q

Developed his transactional analysis method
as a basis for understanding behavior.

  1. Every person has three (3) parts called
    ego states in his/her personality
  2. People communicate with one another
    assuming roles of any of these ego
    states
A

Eric Berne

64
Q

Behaviors, thoughts and feelings copied from parents and parent figures

A

Parent ego state

65
Q

Behaviors, thought and feelings are direct responses to here and now

A

Adult ego state

66
Q

Behaviours, thoughts and feelings are replayed from childhood

A

Child ego state

67
Q

developmental psychologists,
asserted that children are very
adjusted to their parents’ feelings and
needs. They unconsciously
acknowledge that they need their
parents’ permission in order to
survive, so they strive to meet their
needs as much as possible

A

John Bowlby & Donald Winnicott

68
Q

CONCEPT OF SELF by Bowlby and Winnicott

A

True self and false self

69
Q

FALSE SELF by Bowlby and Winnicott

A

Healthy self and unhealthy self

70
Q
  • One which allows
    someone to be
    functional in the
    society
  • Still connected with the
    true self
A

healthy self

71
Q

One that fits into society through forced compliance rather than a desire to adapt

A

Unhealthy self

72
Q

Changed its
behavior, inhibited
feelings, and forced
needs aside in order
to survive

A

False self

uts ni sir vincent (4 decks)

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