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Netter Anatomy > Chapter 4, Arm > Flashcards

Chapter 4, Arm Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are primary deforming forces in a fx of the humeral shaft?

A

Pec major and deltoid. May determine direction of displacement

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2
Q

What structure can be damaged in fx of distal 1/3 of humeral shaft?

A

Radial nerve. Do a GOOD neuro exam and check that nerve

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3
Q

How are fx of humeral shaft classified?

A

Just descriptive

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4
Q

How are fx of distal humerus classified?

A

Descriptive: Uni or bicondylar. T or Y shape.

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5
Q

Is a CT needed for a fx of distal humerus?

A

YES, required for compete evaluation of fracture/joint

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6
Q

Complications from humeral shaft fx?

A

Radial nerve palsy, commonly from Holstein-Lewis fx (fx of distal 1/3)

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7
Q

Supracondylar fx are common in what population?

A

Pediatrics

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8
Q

what are the 2 types of supracondylar fx?

A

Flexion and Extension. Extension m/c. Occurs when distal portion (radius and ulna) move posteriorly.

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9
Q

malreduction of a supracondylar fx may lead to what?

A

Cubitus varus

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10
Q

What is a radiographic sign that may be seen to indicate a supracondylar fx?

A

Fat pad sign/Sail sign. Especially post fat pad

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11
Q

When fixing a distal humerus fx with pins, what must you watch out for?

A

Ulnar nerve. It may have to be transposed anteriorly

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12
Q

What must be checked as far as neuro after a supracondylar fx?

A

anterior interosseous nerve, radial n, medial and ulnar nerves

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13
Q

What is the classification for radial head fx?

A

Mason

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14
Q

What is the most likely part of radial head to be fractured?

A

Anterolateral portion. It is weakest

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15
Q

Wht is Essex-Loprest fx?

A

A fracture of radial head w/ disruption of Interosseous Membrane and DRUJ. You get migration of radial head proximally.

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16
Q

What is the terrible triad of the elbow?

A

Elbox dislocation with fx of coronoid and radial head

17
Q

What is most common direction of elbow dislocation?

A

Posterior

18
Q

What is a divergent elbow dislocation?

A

When radius and ulna go opposite directions. Ex one ant and one post or one medial and one lateral. Very rare

19
Q

What is the sublime tubercle?

A

It is on the medial coronoid process of ulna where the anterior band of the MCL inserts providing restraint against valgus stress

20
Q

What is the most important restraint to valgus stress in the elbow?

A

Anterior band of MCL. Rupture usually causes avulsion of coronoid on ulna

21
Q

What is Osborne’s ligament?

A

Also known as Arcuate ligament, it is the roof of the cubital tunnel where ulnar n passes at elbow. May get compressed in elbow flexion

22
Q

What ist he ligament of strutters?

A

A fibrous band running from an anomalous supracondular process to medial epicondyle. Can compress median nerve

23
Q

What is the triangle you aim for middle of when doing elbow arthrocentsis?

A

lateral epicondyle, radial head and olecranon

24
Q

What is the arcuate ligament of the elbow?

A

Roof of the cubital tunnel (AKA Osborne’s ligament)

25
Q

Atrophy of the interosseous muscles of the hand may indicate what?

A

Nerve entrapment, ex cubital tunnel syndrome

26
Q

What nerve root is biceps reflex associated with?

A

C5

27
Q

What nerve root is brachioradialis reflex associate with?

A

C6

28
Q

What nerve root is triceps reflex associated with?

A

C7

29
Q

What nerve is tested when we test resisted pronation?

A

Median nerve

30
Q

Tennis elbow located where

A

lateral epicondyle

31
Q

How to test for tennis elbow

A

Have pt pronate, flex wrist and extend against resistance

32
Q

How to test for golfers elbow

A

Supinate arm, and extend wrist and elbow

33
Q

The brachialis muscle has dual innervation. What are they?

A

Medial = musculocutaneous and Lateral = Radial N

Netter Anatomy (2 decks)

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