Chapter 4 - Body Tissues and Membranes

Question 1

Are epithelial tissues vascular or avascular?

Answer 1

Avascular - they lack blood vessels

Question 2

Where are simple squamous tissues found?

Answer 2

Blood capillaries and air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs

Question 3

Where are stratified squamous tissues found?

Answer 3

Skin, entrances of structures opening to the outside

Question 4

Where are simple cuboidal tissues found?

Answer 4

Secreting glands, ovaries, linings of kidney tubules

Question 5

Where are stratified cuboidal tissues found?

Answer 5

Linings of salivary gland and mammary gland ducts

Question 6

Where are simple columnar tissues found?

Answer 6

Lining of digestive organs and linings of uterine tubes

Question 7

Where are stratified columnar tissues found?

Answer 7

Pharynx and the male urethra

Question 8

Where are pseudostratified columnar tissues found?

Answer 8

Air passages of the respiratory system

Question 9

Where are transitional tissues found?

Answer 9

Urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra

Question 10

Primary function of simple squamous tissue:

Answer 10

Allows simple diffusion

Question 11

Primary functions of simple cuboidal tissue:

Answer 11

Secretion and absorption

Question 12

Primary function of stratified cuboidal tissue:

Answer 12

Protection

Question 13

Primary functions of simple columnar tissue:

Answer 13

Protection, secretion, absorption

Question 14

Primary function of stratified columnar tissue:

Answer 14

Protection

Question 15

Primary functions of pseudostratified columnar tissue:

Answer 15

Protection and secretion

Question 16

Primary function of transitional tissues:

Answer 16

Allows organs to expand and contract

Question 17

What does connective tissue do?

Answer 17

Binds structures together, provides support and protection, fills spaces, produces blood cells, and stores fat

Question 18

The three types of fibers within the matrix are:

Answer 18

Collagen, elastic, reticular

Question 19

The three types of loose connective tissue:

Answer 19

Areolar, adipose, and reticular

Question 20

The three types of dense connective tissue:

Answer 20

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic

Question 21

Where is areolar connective tissue typically found?

Answer 21

Between other tissues or organs

Question 22

Fibroblasts are primarily found in which connective tissues?

Answer 22

Areolar and adipose

Question 23

Primary function of adipose tissue:

Answer 23

Cushion and protect organs, store energy, and insulate the body

Question 24

Primary function of reticular (or lymphatic) tissue:

Answer 24

Defend the organs against infection

Question 25

Where is dense regular tissue typically found?

Answer 25

Tendons, ligaments, and aponeuroses

Question 26

Tendons connect _______ to _____

Answer 26

muscles, bones

Question 27

Ligaments connect _____ to _____

Answer 27

bones, bones (at the joints)

Question 28

Aponeuroses connect _______ to _______

Answer 28

muscles, muscles

Question 29

Where is dense irregular connective tissue typically found?

Answer 29

In the dermis and joint capsules

Question 30

Where is elastic connective tissue found?

Answer 30

In the walls of the largest arteries and the vocal cords

Question 31

Chondrocytes are the cells found within:

Answer 31

Cartilage

Question 32

What are immature chondrocytes called?

Answer 32

Chondroblasts

Question 33

Three types of cartilage:

Answer 33

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 34

Where is hyaline cartilage primarily found?

Answer 34

Nose, ribs, trachea, and the fetal skeleton

Question 35

Where is elastic cartilage primarily found?

Answer 35

Ear, epiglottis (flap at the top of the larynx)

Question 36

Where is fibrocartilage primarily found?

Answer 36

Disks between vertebrae, anterior joint between hip bones

Question 37

What is the strongest type of cartilage?

Answer 37

Fibrocartilage

Question 38

What two types of cells form bone matrix?

Answer 38

Osteoblasts and osteocytes

Question 39

Compact bone contains _____ cemented together

Answer 39

Osteons

Question 40

Trabeculae is found in which of the following: compact or spongy bone?

Answer 40

Spongy bone

Question 41

True or false: blood is classified as a type of connective tissue?

Answer 41

True!

Question 42

What is the function of red blood cells?

Answer 42

To carry oxygen

Question 43

What is the function of white blood cells?

Answer 43

To fight against infection

Question 44

What is the function of platelets?

Answer 44

Initiate blood clotting

Question 45

What is the name of the spaces where chondrocytes lie?

Answer 45

Lacunae

Question 46

Which of the following tissue types are considered to be voluntary?: smooth, cardiac, or skeletal

Answer 46

Skeletal

Question 47

True or false: Skeletal, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle tissues are ALL striated

Answer 47

FALSE - Smooth muscle tissue is not striated and has a more irregular pattern

Question 48

A fascia is a combination of which two connective tissues?

Answer 48

Areolar and dense irregular connective tissues

Question 49

Match the muscle type with the description: a. skeletal b. cardiac c. smooth 1. striated and branched cells 2. no striations and spindle-shaped 3. striated and multinucleate

Answer 49

skeletal (a) - striated and multinucleate (3) cardiac (b) - striated and branched cells (1) smooth (c) - no striations and spindle-shaped (2)

Question 50

What feature binds cardiac muscle cells to one another so they contract as a unit?

Answer 50

Intercalated disks

Question 51

The three parts of a neuron are:

Answer 51

Dendrite, cell body, and axon

Question 52

Primary function of a dendrite:

Answer 52

Receiving signals

Question 53

Primary function of the axon:

Answer 53

Conducting nerve signals

Question 54

Long axons are called ______

Answer 54

fibers

Question 55

In the brain and spinal cord, fibers are bound together to create ______. Outside the brain and spinal cord, they are called ______.

Answer 55

tracts, nerves

Question 56

What is the name of cells that outnumber neurons nine to one?

Answer 56

Neuroglia

Question 57

Primary function of neuroglia:

Answer 57

Nourish and support neurons

Question 58

These types of neuroglia - microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymal cells - are found where in the body?

Answer 58

In the brain

Question 59

Primary function of microglia:

Answer 59

Engulf bacterial and cellular debris

Question 60

Primary function of astrocytes:

Answer 60

Provide nutrients to neurons

Question 61

Primary function of oligodendrocytes:

Answer 61

Form myelin (protective layer of fatty insulation)

Question 62

Primary function of ependymal cells:

Answer 62

Line the ventricles of the brain

Question 63

Primary function of Schwann cells

Answer 63

Provide nerve fibers with an insulating myelin layer called the myelin sheath

Question 64

True or false: the myelin sheath slows down conduction

Answer 64

False - it speeds conduction because the nerve signal jumps from node to node

Question 65

Junction with a zipper-like fastening:

Answer 65

Tight junction

Question 66

Which junction allows ions, sugars, and small molecules to pass between the two cells?

Answer 66

Gap junction

Question 67

An adhesion junction is also called a _________

Answer 67

desmosome

Question 68

Glands that secrete their product onto the outer surface or into a cavity are called:

Answer 68

exocrine glands

Question 69

Glands that secrete their product internally are called

Answer 69

Endocrine glands

Question 70

Which membrane lines the lumens of organs that open to the outside of the body?

Answer 70

Mucous membrane

Question 71

Which membrane line freely movable joint cavities?

Answer 71

Synovial membranes