Chapter 4- Carbohydrates and Diabetes- Quiz 2 Flashcards
Fiber feeds the…
Gut bacteria
What does the gut bacteria make?
Short-chain fatty acids
Fiber helps people with diabetes. What 3 things do short-chain fatty acids do?
Slow glucose absorption
Slow the rise in blood sugar
Slow stomach emptying
Fiber helps people lose extra weight. It adds bulk and makes you feel full. What do the short-chain fatty acids do for losing weight?
Suppresses appetite
Increases metabolic rate
Slow stomach emptying
How does fiber help lower blood cholesterol?
Traps blood cholesterol in the bile and flushes it out
How does fiber decrease risks of cancer?
Flushes out excess hormones that increases risk for cancer
How does fiber help colon health?
Increases faecal bulk
What is:
Diverticulosis
Diverticulitis
Culosis: small, bulging pouches
Culitis: inflammation in the pouches
What food has more fiber than whole grains and vegetables?
Nuts/Seeds, Beans
Difference between Mono and Dysaccharides?
Mono- can be absorbed without making changes
Dy- needs to be broken down before digestion
What is the Glycemic Index?
Give examples of high and low foods
Food score based on its effect on blood sugar
High- sugary foods, white bread, soda, fries, chips
Low- legumes, leafy greens, most fruits
Digestion and absorption of starch. What happens at each place?
Mouth, Stomach, Small Intestines
Mouth- salivary amylase
Stomach- amylase denatured
Small Intestines- pancreatic amylase, changes starch to sugar
Sucrose is broken down in the small intestines into __________ and __________.
Glucose and Fructose
What happens to each component in the liver?
Galactose and Fructose share metabolic pathways
Glucose is used by most cells in the body
What happens to glucose once it gets to the liver?
Converted in glycogen (short-term) and excess glycogen is turned into fat cells (long-term)
