Chapter 4 -Carbs

Question 1

What are the simple monosaccharides?

Answer 1

Glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 2

What are the disaccharides?

Answer 2

lactose, sucrose, maltose

Question 3

What are the polysaccharides?

Answer 3

Amylose, amylopectin, glycogen, starch

Question 4

What is in sucrose?

Answer 4

fructose and glucose

Question 5

What is in lactose?

Answer 5

glucose and galactose

Question 6

What is in maltose?

Answer 6

glucose and glucose

Question 7

Do polysaccharides have fiber?

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

What are the benefits of fiber?

Answer 8

Lower chances of colon cancer, softer stool, increased peristalsis, lower caloric intake, removes carcinogens, lowers risk of heart disease, healthy gut bacteria

Question 9

What is a risk of eating a lot of fiber?

Answer 9

Flatulence, increased water requirements, interfere with absorption of iron

Question 10

What are some sources of fiber?

Answer 10

Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, seeds, legumes, avocado

Question 11

Are oats soluble or insoluble?

Answer 11

Soluble

Question 12

Are fruits and veggies soluble or insoluble fiber?

Answer 12

Soluble

Question 13

Are whole grains insoluble or soluble?

Answer 13

Insoluble

Question 14

What is the whole kernel?

Answer 14

Bran, germ, and endosperm

Question 15

What part of the kernel has the most minerals?

Answer 15

Bran, 50-80%

Question 16

What part of the kernel has the most grain by weight?

Answer 16

Endosperm- 85%

Question 17

What does germ provide in the kernel?

Answer 17

it has DNA antioxidants

Question 18

What are benefits of whole grain?

Answer 18

Fiber, Vitamin E, B vitamins, and iron

Question 19

What are some whole grains?

Answer 19

brown rice, quinoa, popcorn, buckwheat, barley, teff, oats, bulgur, sorahum

Question 20

What happens in the mouth during digestion of carbs?

Answer 20

Mechanical breakdown, salivary amylase

Question 21

What happens in the stomach during carb digestion?

Answer 21

Salivary amylase stops

Question 22

What does the pancreas do during carb digestion?

Answer 22

Pancreatic duct connected to small intestine and secretes enzymes

Question 23

What does the small intestine do in carb digestion?

Answer 23

Pancreatic enzymes secreted into intestine absorbs into blood

Question 24

What does the liver do in carb digestion?

Answer 24

passes through and is converted to glucose in the blood

Question 25

What does the large intestine do in carb digestion?

Answer 25

Where fiber is formed into acids and gases

Question 26

What is the fate of carbs?

Answer 26

Used for energy, stored as glycogen (limited), and stored as fat

Question 27

What is the main function of glucose?

Answer 27

to provide energy

Question 28

What are ketones?

Answer 28

A byproduct of fat breakdown, can replace some of brain's need for glucose

Question 29

What is ketosis?

Answer 29

When ketone levels are very high in the blood

Question 30

What are symptoms of lactose intolerance?

Answer 30

flatulence, bloating, abdominal pain

Question 31

What percentage of the population has some difficulty digesting lactose?

Answer 31

65%

Question 32

What are the steps of glucose regulation?

Answer 32

Elevated glucose, pancreas releases insulin, glucose into cells, conversion into glycogen, normalization, low blood glucose, pancreas releases glucagon. normalization

Question 33

What is polydipsia?

Answer 33

excessive thirst

Question 34

What is polyphagia?

Answer 34

excessive hunger

Question 35

What is type 1 diabetes and how do you treat it?

Answer 35

Pancreas does not produce insulin. Inject insulin, moderate carb intake

Question 36

What is type 2 diabetes and how do you treat it?

Answer 36

insulin resistance. exercise, moderate carb intake, lose weight, medications

Question 37

What are the consequences of uncontrolled blood glucose?

Answer 37

Kidney disease, blindness, heart disease, stroke, nerve damage, increased infections, amputations