chapter 4 cell reproduction Flashcards
(21 cards)
asexual reproduction
A new organism (sometimes more than one) is produced from one organism.
chromosome
A structure in the nucleus that contains hereditary material.
diploid
When cells have pairs of similar chromosomes, they are said to be diploid.
DNA
A code chemical called deoxyribonucleic acid.
egg
Eggs are formed in female reproductive organs.
fertilization
The joining of an egg and a sperm.
gene
The instructions for making a specific protein.
haploid
Not having pairs of chromosomes, “single form”.
meiosis
A process which produces haploid sex cells.
mitosis
The process in which the nucleus divides to form two identical nuclei.
mutation
Any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome of a cell.
RNA
Ribonucleic acid.
sexual reproduction
Two sex cells, an egg and sperm, come together.
sperm
Are formed in male reproductive organs.
zygote
The resulting cell of two sex cells, an egg and sperm, coming together.
Parent Cell
The original cell
Daughter Cell
2 new cells that are created after the cell division process.
Cytokinesis
The last phase a cell goes through when dividing, the cytoplasm and organelles have completed their division..
Apoptosis
A type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death, this is one method the body uses to get rid of unneeded or abnormal cells.
Spindle Fibers
Spindle fibers form a protein structure that divides the genetic material in a cell.
Centrioles
An organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
