Chapter 4: Cells

Question 0

What is in an animal cell but not a plant?

Answer 0

1. Centriole
2. Microvilli
3. Lysosome
4. Flagellum

Question 1

Common in all cells

Answer 1

1. Plasma membrane
2. DNA - Genetic material
3. Ribosomes
4. Cytosol

Question 2

What is in a plant cell but not in an animal?

Answer 2

1. Cell Wall
2. Chloroplast
3. Central vacuole
4. Plasmodesmata: channels that join adjacent cells.

Question 3

Nucleolus

Answer 3

Ribosomal RNA synthesis

Question 4

Nuclear Envelope (Membrane)

Answer 4

• Double membrane

- phospholipid bilayer

Question 5

1. Ribosomes are responsible for?
2. Free ribosomes are located in?
3. Bound ribosomes are located in?

Answer 5

1. Protein Synthesis
2. Cytosol
3. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Question 6

Endomembrane System

Answer 6

1. Nuclear envelope
2. Smooth/Rough ER
3. Golgi Apparatus- cis/trans
4. Vesicles
5. Plasma membrane

Question 7

Smooth ER

Answer 7

1. Lipid synthesis (e.g. Steroids)
2. Carbohydrate synthesis
3. Detoxifies drugs/poisons
4. Regulate material [Ca++]

Question 8

Rough ER

Answer 8

1. Protein synthesis
2. Protein modification
   (post-translational) e.g. Glycoprotein
3. Membrane synthesis

Question 9

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 9

1. Chemical modifications
2. Sorting for delivery to particular cellular locations and export
3. Some carbohydrate synthesis
   Cis= receiving Trans= shipping

Question 10

Lysosomes

Answer 10

Bud off Golgi

Contain digestive enzymes

Question 11

Vacuoles

Answer 11

Contractile vacuoles
- water balance, pump water out
Food vacuoles
Store toxic materials

Question 12

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

Answer 12

1. Double membrane
2. DNA - different then in nucleus
3. Energy metabolism
4. Ribosomes -different than in cells
5. Mitoch.. divide by binary fission

Question 13

Peroxisomes

Answer 13

Metabolic compartment
• contain oxidative enzymes

Turns H2O2 into H2O

Question 14

Nucleus

Answer 14

Contains DNA

Question 15

Plasma Membrane

Answer 15

Keeps cell together/ “traffic cop”

Question 16

Centriole

Answer 16

Cytokinesis:

the division of the cell cytoplasm that usually follows mitotic or meiotic division of the nucleus.

Question 17

Cytoplasm

Answer 17

Holds cell together; Structure

Question 18

Central vacuole

Answer 18

Stores water and nutrients

When bigger, plant more mature

Question 19

Microvilli

Answer 19

Increase surface area

Question 20

Flagellum

Answer 20

Used for motility

Question 21

mRNA

Answer 21

Transported through nuclear envelope and tells ribosome what protein to make

Question 22

What is a genome?

Answer 22

Entire library of genetic instruction that organism inherits

Question 23

The origin of species 2 main points?

Answer 23

• descent with modification

- natural selection

Question 24

3 Cytoskeletal proteins?

Answer 24

Microtubules - Tubulin Microfilaments - Actin Intermediate filaments - Keratin

Question 25

Microtubules

Answer 25

* big in cell motility * Cilia- many cilia in cell * Flagella - only one (Flagellum) * 9 pair of MT surround a central pair

Question 26

Molecular Motor Proteins or | (Kinesin(s)), family of motor proteins

Answer 26

Carry cargo along microtubule track

Question 27

Microfilaments (actin)

Answer 27

``` Structural support Cell movement -myosin motors in muscle cells -Amoeboid movement -Cytoplasmic streaming in plant cell ```

Question 28

Types of cellular junctions (in animal cells only)

Answer 28

Tight junctions Adherens junctions (Desmosome) Gap junctions

Question 29

Tight junctions

Answer 29

Seal fluid from coming in cell

Question 30

Adheren junction (Desmosome)

Answer 30

- anchor cells together | - attached to intermediate filaments

Question 31

Gap junction

Answer 31

•similar to plasmodesmata in plants | -allow small molecules to move through it

Question 32

Extracellular Matrix of Animal Cells

Answer 32

- Main ingredients are glycoproteins and other carbohydrate-containing molecules secreted by cells - most abundant glycoprotein is collagen (40% of proteins in human) -help communicate with other cells and regulate behavior

Question 33

Integrins

Answer 33

Membrane proteins - 2 subunits - one side of protein binds to ECM (fibronectin) - the other to microfilaments

Question 34

Collagen

Answer 34

Fibers embedded in a web of proteogycan in ECM

Question 35

Proteogycan complex

Answer 35

Hundreds of proteogycan molecules attached to polysaccharide