Chapter 6: Metabolism

Question 0

Anabolic

Answer 0

• requires energy

- synthesize molecules

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

All of an organism chemical reactions

Question 2

Catabolic

Answer 2

• release energy

- break molecules down

Question 3

Energy = ?

Answer 3

Capacity to cause change

Question 4

Kinetic energy

Answer 4

Energy associated with motion

Question 5

Heat (thermal) energy

Answer 5

Random movement of atoms/molecules

Question 6

Potential energy

Answer 6

Stored energy of matter because of location or structure

Question 7

Chemical energy

Answer 7

Potential energy available for release in chemical reactions

Question 8

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 8

• Total energy in the universe is constant.
• Energy can be transferred and transformed.
• Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 9

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 9

• Transfer or transformation of energy increases entropy (S) of the universe
• Entropy (S) = disorder or randomness

Question 10

G = Gibbs Free Energy, available for work
Delta G = Change in Free Energy
Negative Delta G = ?
Positive Delta G = ?

Answer 10

• Negative Delta G = processes are spontaneous

- Positive Delta G = processes require energy input

Question 11

Study Figure 6.5

Answer 11

You are going to do great :) stay positive

Question 12

Negative Delta G is what type of reaction?

Answer 12

Exergonic

• Releases energy
• Spontaneous
• Catabolic

Question 13

Positive Delta G is what type of reaction?

Answer 13

Endergonic

• Energy input required
• Anabolic

Question 14

Activation Energy

Answer 14

Free energy of activation is the energy needed to start many reactions

Question 15

What does an Enzyme do?

Answer 15

Catalyzes (speeds up without being consumed) reaction by decreasing the activation energy

Question 16

Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions

Answer 16

• Orient substrates
• Strain bonds in substrate
• Create favorable microenvironment (pH)
• May briefly bond covalently to substrate

Question 17

Active Site

Answer 17

Place where substrate binds to enzyme

Question 18

Induced fit

Answer 18

Enzyme changes shape (conformation) after substrate binds

Question 19

Enzymes are specific for particular substrates.

True or False?

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Study Figure 6.15

Answer 20

You got this :) keep working hard

Question 21

Environmental factors, such as pH and temperature, do NOT influence enzyme function.
True or False?

Answer 21

False, Environmental factors do influence enzyme function.

Question 22

Cofactor

Answer 22

• nonprotein enzyme helper

- usually inorganic (Fe, Mg, Mn)

Question 23

Coenzyme

Answer 23

• nonprotein, organic molecules
• often carrier or transport molecules
• are vitamins or derived from vitamins

Question 25

Competitive Inhibition (Diagram on slides may help)

Answer 25

- Inhibitor binds to active site and prevents substrate from binding - Inhibitor and substrate "compete" for active site - Inhibitors can be toxins or natural substances

Question 26

Allosteric Regulation (Diagram on slides may help)

Answer 26

Regulatory molecule binds to allosteric site, which changes the shape of active site -either activates or inhibits substrate

Question 26

Enzymes have specific cell location, such as the enzymes that reside in mitochondria for cellular respiration. True or False?

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Negative Feedback is what type of mechanism? | Diagram on slides may help

Answer 27

Regulatory mechanism | -an end product inhibits earlier step in pathway

Question 28

Cells make ordered structures from less ordered materials. | True or False?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Organisms replace ordered forms of matter and energy with less ordered forms. True or False?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of chemical and exits in the form of light. True or False?

Answer 30

False, Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of light and exits in the form of heat.

Question 31

The evolution of more complex organisms violates the second law of thermodynamics. True or False?

Answer 31

False, The evolution of more complex organisms DOES NOT violate the second law of thermodynamics

Question 32

Entropy (disorder) may increase in an organism, but the universe's total entropy decreases. True or False?

Answer 32

False, Entropy (disorder) may decrease in an organism, but the universe's total entropy increases.

Question 33

Organisms are islands of low entropy in an increasingly random universe. True or False?

Answer 33

True