Chapter 4: Development

Question 1

What is the first step of prenatal development?

Answer 1

Fertilization

Question 2

How many stages are there to prenatal development? Name them.

Answer 2

3 stages

1. Zygote
2. Embryo
3. Fetus

Question 3

What is the gestation period for Zygote?

Answer 3

Time of conception to 2 weeks

Question 4

When does an egg become a zygote?

Answer 4

When the egg has been fertilized

Question 5

What is a key characteristic of the Period of the Zygote?

Answer 5

Rapid cellular division

Question 6

What is a blastocyst? Explain how the structures of the blastocyst will form.

Answer 6

A rapidly dividing ball of cells . Inner layer will become the embryo and outer layer will become its protection

Question 7

What is the gestation period for the Embryo?

Answer 7

2 to 8 weeks

Question 8

What are the key characteristics of the period of the embryo

Answer 8

1. Major organs and systems begin to develop

2. Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal changes occur

Question 9

What is the gestation period for The Fetus

Answer 9

Fetus is the longest gestation period.

9 weeks of gestation to birth

Question 10

What are key characteristics of the period of the Fetus?

Answer 10

1. Fetus begins to look more human
2. finishing touches/refinements
3. Most significant period of development
4. Brain Development
5. Weight gain
6. Head moves to the lower belly

Question 11

When can a fetus survive outside of the womb?

Answer 11

Starting at 22 week

Question 12

In the fetal development stage, what does the fetus’s brain develop?

Answer 12

Sulci and Gyri

Question 13

Explain what a teratogen is.

Answer 13

Environmental things that contribute negatively to the pregnancy

Question 14

What is the critical period of teratogens to be avoided?

Answer 14

2 to 8 weeks gestation (embryotic period)

Question 15

Name the most common teratogens?

Answer 15

Alcohol, Cigarettes, medication, specific viruses, drugs

Question 16

Alcohol as a teratogen causes what type of defect?

Answer 16

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Question 17

The Zika Virus causes what to happen to a fetus?

Answer 17

Caused Microcephaly, altered brain development, and stillbirth

Question 18

What are the characteristics of a fetus being exposed to alcohol?

Answer 18

altered physical appearance, cognitive impairment, and damage to internal organs

Question 19

During the first 3 years of age what do children gain?

Answer 19

1. Motor development
2. Language
3. Cognitive Development - long term memory
4. Social Development - social connections

Question 20

Who is the father of Cognitive Development?

Answer 20

Jean Piaget

Question 21

What is Cognitive Development?

Answer 21

How the brain develops and how we gain cognitive skills

Question 22

Describe Constructivist.

Answer 22

Children contribute to their own learning/knowledge

Question 23

Describe Dialectical.

Answer 23

Cognitive growth due to conflicts that alters existing perception

Question 24

According to Piaget, How do children construct knowledge

Answer 24

Through Assimilation and accommodation

Question 25

Explain assimilation and accommodation.

Answer 25

Assimilation: New info similar to old info Accommodation: Creating new cognitive structures

Question 26

What is Novelty Preference?

Answer 26

Babies are more likely to pay attention to something/someone new

Question 27

What is the Sociocultural Theory?

Answer 27

Cognitive development is continuous and is tied to the environment a child was raised in.

Question 28

Who was the creator of the Sociocultural Theory?

Answer 28

Lev Vygotsky

Question 29

What is scaffolding?

Answer 29

support to work through difficult task

Question 30

What is the zone of proximal development?

Answer 30

Distance between what a child can accomplish alone and what the can accomplish independently

Question 31

Bowlby and Ainsworth studied what? How?

Answer 31

Attachment Style | Through stranger situation

Question 32

Lawrence Kohlberg. Outlines there are three stages to moral development

Answer 32

Heinz Dilemma Theory

Question 33

What is the period of adolescent development?

Answer 33

About 11 to 13 years old

Question 34

Describe the physical changes that occur during adolescent development?

Answer 34

1. Increased frontal lobe development 2. Surge of hormones 3. Continues myelination

Question 35

What is Adolescent Egocentrism?

Answer 35

Thinking that everyone is watching and paying attention to them

Question 36

What is Personable Fable?

Answer 36

The person is unique and immune to risky situations

Question 37

What is imaginary audience?

Answer 37

Idea that everyone is focused on you

Question 38

What is the age range for adulthood to late adulthood?

Answer 38

Late teens to 40s

Question 39

What are characteristics of Adulthood?

Answer 39

1. Identity exploration 2. Increased self - esteem 3. dependent and independent

Question 40

Who is Erik Erikson?

Answer 40

Studies personality and development across the lifespan

Question 41

The SAME group of people are tested at different points of life

Answer 41

Longitudinal Research

Question 42

DIFFERENT age groups are tested at the same time

Answer 42

Cross-Sectional Research