Chapter 4- Developmental

Question 0

zygote

Answer 0

fertilized egg

Question 1

developmental psychology

Answer 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical cognitive and social change throughout the lifespan

Question 2

embryo

Answer 2

the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through second month

Question 3

fetus

Answer 3

the developing human organism from 9 weeks to birth

Question 4

teratogens

Answer 4

agents, such as chemicals and viruses, That can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and can cause harm

Question 5

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 5

physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. In severe cases symptoms include noticeable facial mist proportions

Question 6

rooting reflex

Answer 6

A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple

Question 7

habituation

Answer 7

decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gained familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, the interest wanes and they look away sooner

Question 8

maturation

Answer 8

biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively on influenced by experience

Question 9

schema

Answer 9

a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Question 10

piagets stages of cognitive development

Answer 10

sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational

Question 11

sensorimotor

Answer 11

object permanence

stranger anxiety

Question 12

preoperational

Answer 12

egocentrism
pretend play
language development

representing things with words and images; use intuitive rather than logical reasoning

Question 13

concrete operational

Answer 13

conservation
math

thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations

Question 14

formal operational

Answer 14

abstract thinking and resoning

Question 15

assimilation

Answer 15

interpreting one’s new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas

Question 16

accomodation

Answer 16

adapting ones current schemas to incorporate new info

Question 17

conservation

Answer 17

the principle that properties such as mass volume and number remain the same despite changes in forms of objects

Question 18

theory of mind

Answer 18

peoples ideas about their own and others’ mental states – about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict

Question 19

autism

Answer 19

a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of other states of mind

Question 20

attachment

Answer 20

an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

Question 21

critical period

Answer 21

an optimal. Shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

Question 22

impriting

Answer 22

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

Question 23

basic trust

Answer 23

according to Erick Erickson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

Question 24

self concept

Answer 24

a sense of ones identity and personal worth

Question 25

adolescence

Answer 25

The transition from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

Question 26

puberty

Answer 26

the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

Question 27

menarche

Answer 27

first period

Question 28

kolhbergs moral reasoning

Answer 28

preconventional conventional postconventional

Question 29

preconventional

Answer 29

avoid punishment or gain reward

Question 30

conventional

Answer 30

caring for others and upholds laws and social rules simply because they are laws and rules

Question 31

postconventional

Answer 31

right and wrong

Question 32

eriksons stages of pyschosocial development

Answer 32

``` trust vs mistrust autonomy vs shame/doubt iniative vs guilt competence vs inferiority identity vs role confusion intimacy vs isolation generativeity vs stagnation integrity vs despair ```