chapter 4 emotions & attributions Flashcards
(31 cards)
what is social perception?
study of how we form impressions of other people and how we draw inferences about them + about explaining why others behave as they do
what is non-verbal communication?
refers to how people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words (eye gaze, facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body positions and movement, the use of touch)
what are the 6 major emotional expressions?
Anger, happiness, surprise, fear, disgust and sadness
universality of emotions
humans encode, or express these emotions in the same way and that all humans decode, or interpret them, with comparable accuracy
nonverbal forms of communication were species specific and not culture specific
research: disgust vs fear face
decoding ability case study in New Guinea
ability to interpret the 6 major emotions is cross-cultural
complexity of emotional expressions
Western cultures maintain more rigid boundaries VS Asians overlap
individuals are better at decoding facial expressions from own ethnic grp
across culture, can match facial expressions but cross-cultural differences when allowing people to freely sort faces into their own grouping system
Why is decoding sometimes difficult?
- affect blends
- same facial expression can have different implications based on context and other cues
- culture
what is Parasympathetic Nervous System responsible for?
rest & digest
what is Sympathetic Nervous System responsible for?
fight or flight
Amygdala
fear
Ventral Striatum
reward
Insula
disgust
I-cingulate
pain
caveat
Not one-to-one mapping
what is the James-Lange Theory?
Perception→Bodily sensations (e.g Heart pounding/trembling/sweating/running away)→feel fear because our heart pounds, trembles, sweats etc
what is the Central Theory? (cannon-bard)?
Perception→We perceive the fear; our bodily sensations are not driving the fear
what is the Schachter-Singer Theory (Two-Factor Theory)?
Bodily Sensations + Cognitive Appraisal (Our interpretation of the situation) = emotion
case study of appraisal (judgement/assessment)
We are aroused, we have sought out a reason for our arousal in the situation and so we become furious. This is indeed what happened: The participants who had been given epinephrine reacted much more angrily than did participants who had been given the placebo
emotional misattribution
event in which people make mistaken inferences about what is causing them to feel the way they do due to difficulty in pinpointing the precise causes of our arousal
case study of men on scary bridge
Schacter’s two factor theory of emotion would predict that in comparison to those sitting on the bench, the men on the bridge would beconsiderably more aroused, mistakenly thinking thatsome of their arousal from crossing the bridgewas the result of attraction to thebeautiful woman.
attribution theory
study of how weinfer the causesof otherpeople’s behavior
internal attribution
disposition, personality, attitudes that caused his behavior
external attribution
due to situation
goal attribution
refers to the process of determining or assigning a specific goal or intention to an individual’s actions or behaviours
case study of babies watching video of ball move from one spot to another when there is barrier vs no barrier