Chapter 4: Epithelial and connective tissue

Question 1

Histology

Answer 1

the study of tissues

Question 2

Four Basic Tissue Types

Answer 2

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Neural

Question 3

Epithelium

Answer 3

An avascular layer of cells that forms a barrier that covers internal or external surfaces

Question 4

Glands

Answer 4

Secretory structures derived from epithelia

Question 5

What tissue type covers exposed surfaces and produces glandular secretion?

Answer 5

Epithelium

Question 6

Which tissue type contracts to produce active movement?

Answer 6

Muscular

Question 7

What tissue type conducts electrical impulses and carries information?

Answer 7

Neural

Question 8

Which tissue type fills internal spaces and provides structural support?

Answer 8

Connective

Question 9

Which tissue type forms a barrier that covers both internal and external surfaces?

Answer 9

Epithelia

Question 10

The lack of blood vessels makes a tissue what?

Answer 10

avasucular

Question 11

Cells that are exposed to both internal and external surfaces are said to what types of cells?

Answer 11

Apical

Question 12

Epithelia are attached to what type of membrane?

Answer 12

basement membrane

Question 13

Epithelial cells are occasionally or continually replace?

Answer 13

continually

Question 14

What are the four functions of the epithelial tissue?

Answer 14

Physical protection
Permeability control
Sensation trigger
Specialized secretions

Question 15

Glands that secrete onto a body surface using a duct are said to be what?

Answer 15

Exocrine

Question 16

Glands that secrete into neighboring tissue via the blood are said to be what?

Answer 16

Endocrine

Question 17

Gap junctions are associated with what type of proteins?

Answer 17

channel proteins

Question 18

What are the three different types of cell junctions?

Answer 18

Tight junction, Gap junction, desmosomes

Question 19

What structures increase surface area?

Answer 19

Microvilli

Question 20

What structures move materials along the surface?

Answer 20

Cilia

Question 21

Microvilli are found in what structures?

Answer 21

Intestinal lining, kidney tubules

Question 22

Cilia are found in what structure?

Answer 22

airways, oviduct

Question 23

Epithelium grows in what direction?

Answer 23

up from below

Question 24

What shortens the life of epithelium?

Answer 24

exposure

Question 25

What type of cells become new epithelium?

Answer 25

stem cells

Question 26

If there is just one layer of epithelial cells they are said to be what?

Answer 26

Simple

Question 27

Stratified

Answer 27

multiple layers of cells

Question 28

pseudostratified

Answer 28

falsely appears to have multiple layers of cells

Question 29

flat epithelium

Answer 29

squamous

Question 30

cubic epithelium

Answer 30

cuboidal

Question 31

tall epithelium

Answer 31

columnar

Question 32

What is an example of simple squamous epithelium?

Answer 32

blood vessels

Question 33

What is an example of simple cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 33

Nephrons

Question 34

What is an example of simple columnar epithelium?

Answer 34

digestive organs

Question 35

What is an example of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium?

Answer 35

respiratory membranes

Question 36

Transitional epithelium example

Answer 36

urinary bladder

Question 37

Stratified squamous epithelium example

Answer 37

tongue surface

Question 38

Glandular epithelium that secretes small quantities is said to be what and an example would be what ?

Answer 38

Mirocrane salivary

Question 39

Glandular epithelium that secretes a portion of the cell is said to be what and an example would be what?

Answer 39

Apical breast milk

Question 40

Glandular epithelium that secretes the entire cell contents is said to be what and an example would be what?

Answer 40

Holocrine sebum

Question 41

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 41

Structural framework Fluid and solute transport Physical protection Tissue interconnection Fat storage Microorganism defense

Question 42

What types of cells build fibers?

Answer 42

Fibroblasts

Question 43

Collagen fibers provides what to the connective tissue proper?

Answer 43

toughness

Question 44

Reticular fibers provide what to the connective tissue proper?

Answer 44

Support

Question 45

Elastic fibers provide what to the connective tissue proper?

Answer 45

resilience

Question 46

What would be an example of loose connective tissue?

Answer 46

Adipose tissue

Question 47

What would be an example of dense connective tissue?

Answer 47

tendons

Question 48

Fluid connective tissue is comprised of what two things?

Answer 48

cells & a ground substance

Question 49

What are two examples of fluid connective tissue and what are they made of?

Answer 49

Blood + H20 - RBCs, WBCs, platelets + plasma Lymph - Lymphocytes + lymph fluid

Question 50

What are two examples of supportive connective tissue and what are they made of?

Answer 50

Bone - osteocytes + collogen + calcium salts Cartilage - chondrocytes + firm gel

Question 51

Cartilage is avascular and is controlled by what?

Answer 51

fibrous pericardium

Question 52

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 52

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

Question 53

What are the cartilage cells called?

Answer 53

Chondrocytes

Question 54

Chondrocytes occupy Chambers or pools called what?

Answer 54

Lacunae

Question 55

How are nutrients spread through the cartilage?

Answer 55

diffusion

Question 56

What substance prevents the development of blood vessels within cartilage which is under testing to help in cancer treatment?

Answer 56

antiangiogenesis factor

Question 57

What are the two layers of the pericardium and what do they do?

Answer 57

Fiberous - support anf attachment cellular - growth and maintenance

Question 58

What are the two methods of cartilage growth and how do they differ?

Answer 58

Interstitial - from within Oppositional- on surface

Question 59

Osseous tissue is the same as what?

Answer 59

Bone

Question 60

Bone matrix is made of what substance?

Answer 60

collogen fibers and calcium salts

Question 61

Diffusion occurs through what structure within the bone?

Answer 61

Canaliculi

Question 62

What covers the bone?

Answer 62

periosteum

Question 63

What are the properties of membranes?

Answer 63

Barrier or interface, cover and protect, epithelium and connective tissue

Question 64

What are the four types of membranes?

Answer 64

Mucus serous cutaneous synovial

Question 65

Mucous membranes do what

Answer 65

Lines cavities that connect to exterior

Question 66

serous membranes do what

Answer 66

Line internal cavities

Question 67

cutaneous membranes do what

Answer 67

Covers body surface

Question 68

Synovial membranes do what

Answer 68

Lines joints