Chapter 4 - Extrication Equipment

Question 1

Rescue personnel typically used either of three types of breathing equipment:

Answer 1

Self-contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Supplied Air Respirator (SAR)
Air-Purifying Respirator (APRs)

Question 2

SAR
Air is supplied to the users by high-pressure hoses up to ___ long from a bank of larger air supply cylinders or an air compressor.

Answer 2

300 ft

Question 3

___ contain an air-purifying filter, canister, or cartridge that removed specific contaminants found in ambient air as the air passes through the air-purifying element.

Answer 3

APRs

Question 4

What are the 3 types of APRs

Answer 4

Particulate Removing
Vapor-and-Gas Removing
Combination particulate-removing and vapor-and-gas removing

Question 5

_____ may be powered or nonpowered.

Answer 5

APRs

Question 6

_____ do not supply oxygen or air from a separate source, and they protect only against specific contaminants at or below certain concentrations.

Answer 6

APRs

Question 7

_____ should be worn only in controlled atmospheres where the hazards are completely understood and at least ___ % oxygen is present.

Answer 7

APRs

19.5

Question 8

The three primary limitations of an APR are as follows:

Answer 8

> Limited life of its filters and conisters
Need for constant monitoring of the contaminated atmosphere
Need for a normal oxygen content of the atmosphere before use

Question 9

Take the following precautions before using APRs or PAPRs

Answer 9

> Know what chemicals/air contaminates are in the air
Know how much of the chemicals/air contaminates are in the air.
Ensure that the oxygen level is between 19.5 and 23.5%
Ensure that atmospheric hazards are not immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) conditions

Question 10

The _______ is a circle around the winch with a radius equal to the length of cable or chainfrom the winch to the load.

Answer 10

Winch Danger Zone

Question 11

A ______ prevents the drum from overrunning when the winch clutch is disengaged and the cable is being unwound.

Answer 11

Drum Brake

Question 12

Three disadvantages to adding a crane to a heavy rescue unit are:

Answer 12

> The initial cost of the crane itself
The additional maintenance required
The loss of space for other tools because of the crane’s size

Question 13

Three common air supply systems on rescue vehicles are:

Answer 13

> Cascade Systems
Breathing Air Compressors
Nonbreathing Air Compressors

Question 14

_____ are step-up transformers that convert the vehicle’s 12- or 24- volt DC current into 110- or 220- Volt AC current.

Answer 14

Inverters

Question 15

Also called alternators, _______ are fuel efficient and produce little or no noise during operation.

Answer 15

Inverters

Question 16

Portable lights generally range from ____ to ___ watts.

Answer 16

300

1,000

Question 17

Some dedicated lighting units have hydraulically operated booms with banks of lights with capacities ranging from ___ to ____ watts per light.

Answer 17

500

1,500

Question 18

Overtaxing the power plant will ___, ___, and ___

Answer 18

> Provide poor lighting
May damage the power generating unit
will cause electric tools to not function as designed.

Question 19

The most common size cable is ___, ___ type.

Answer 19

12-guage

3-wire

Question 20

Electical cable must be ____, ____, and ____.

Answer 20

Adequately Insulated
Waterproof
Have no exposed wires

Question 21

The most common size wood cribbing is ____.

Answer 21

4- x 4- inch wood timbers

Question 22

The length of the pieces of wood cribbing may vary, but __ to __ is average.

Answer 22

18- to 24- inches

Question 23

Other surfaces of the cribbing should be _______ because the finish can make the wood slippery, especially when wet.

Answer 23

Free of any paint or finish.

Question 24

Plastic cribbing has the advantage of being ___, __, and ______.

Answer 24

Impervious to oil
gasoline
other substances that can soak into and contaminate wooden cribbing.

Question 25

The most common application for cribbing in vehicle extrication is called a _____.

Answer 25

Box Crib

Question 26

To maintain the stability of a box crib, the height of the cribbing should not exceed _______ the length of the cribbing piece being used.

Answer 26

one and one-half times

Question 27

Wooden wedges are usually ___ or ___ material cut from corner to corner.

Answer 27

4- x 4- x 18- or 2- x 4- x 12-inch

Question 28

Wooden step chocks are constructed with a _____ base approximately __ inches in length. Each step is approximately __ inches shorter than the one beneath.

Answer 28

2- x 6-inch 30 6

Question 29

Shoring may consist of ____ or larger timbers of any length.

Answer 29

4- x 4-inch

Question 30

_____ includes rope, chains, and webbing.

Answer 30

Rigging

Question 31

____ is one of the most versatile and useful items carried on fire apparatus and rescue vehicles.;

Answer 31

Rope

Question 32

Despite its great strength, ______ is not ideal for vehicle stabilization because it stretches under load.

Answer 32

Nylon Rope

Question 33

The best chain for rescue work is _____, also known as _____ or ______.

Answer 33

Grade 80 Grade 8 Grade T

Question 34

The minimum chain size generally used for extrication operations is ______.

Answer 34

3/8-inch

Question 35

The following safety rules should be observed when using chain:

Answer 35

>Do not drag a load with a chain under it. >Do not cross, knot, or hammer a chain into position. >Do not exceed the chain's listed safe working load. >Do not use worn or damaged chain >Do not impact load a chain by lifting and object, dropping it, then suddenly stopping its fall. This increases the stress on the chain. >Do not connect chain hooks to anything but the chain itself. >Do not weld links in alloy chain or otherwise expose them to excessive heat. >Do not use chain appliances (hooks, pins, links, etc.) that are not of at least equal strength to the load being handled. >Do not attempt to splice a chain by placing a bolt through two links. >Do not apply force to kinked chain - make sure that all the links are straight.

Question 36

The size of webbing varies with the intended use, but most webbing used for lifting and pulling operations starts at about _____ in width.

Answer 36

2 inches

Question 37

There are two main types of webbing construction:

Answer 37

Flat and Tubular

Question 38

The most common and basic hand tools are ____

Answer 38

Striking tools

Question 39

Most pneumatic-powered chisels (air chisels, air hammers, or impact hammers) are designed to operate at air pressures between ___ and ___ psi. Others operate up to ___ psi.

Answer 39

90 150 300

Question 40

The largest bags can lift approximately ___ tons.

Answer 40

75

Question 41

There are three basic types of lifting bags:

Answer 41

High Pressure, Medium Pressure, Low Pressure.

Question 42

Do not stack more than ____ bags; center the bags with the _____ bag on top and inflate the ____ bag first (____ to ____ full), then inflate the ___bag. If more height is needed, crib the object and deflate and reset the air bags.

Answer 42

``` 2 smaller bottom 1/2 to 2/3 top ```

Question 43

________ bags are constructed of neoprene rubber reinforced with either steel wire or Kevlar aramid fiber and have a rough, pebble-grained, surface to improve purchase.

Answer 43

High Pressure

Question 44

High Pressure Bags come in various sizes that can range from ______ to ______.

Answer 44

6 x 6 inches | 36 x 36 inches

Question 45

The range of inflation pressure for high pressure bags is about _______ psi

Answer 45

116 - 145

Question 46

An air bag's weight-lifting capacity decreases as the height of the lift increases and its maximum lift capacity is generally rated at ____ inch of lift.

Answer 46

one

Question 47

The following formula with help rescuers determine the lift capacity of a high pressure bag:

Answer 47

Length x Width x PSI divided by 2,000 = tons

Question 48

Low-pressure bags generally operate on __ to __ psi while Medium-pressure bags use __ to __ psi.

Answer 48

7 to 10 | 12 to 15

Question 49

Hydraulic jacks are available in capacities up to ___ tons or largers

Answer 49

20

Question 50

Depending on the brand and model of spreaders, some tools can produce more than _____ psi of force.

Answer 50

49,000

Question 51

The tips of some spreaders may spread apart as much as __ inches.

Answer 51

41

Question 52

Shears are typically capable of developing up to ______ psi of cutting force and have an opening spread of up to about __ inches.

Answer 52

100,000 | 9

Question 53

The largest of these extension rams can extend from a closed length of __ inches to an extended length of nearly __ inches. They open with a pushing force of more than _____ psi. The closing force is about ____ that of the opening force.

Answer 53

36 63 48,000 one-half

Question 54

Telescoping extension rams have a retracted length of as little as __ inches, some telescoping rams will extend to __ plus inches

Answer 54

12 | 50

Question 55

Acetylene has a wide flammability range: ___ to ____ percent by volume in air.

Answer 55

2.5 to 81.0

Question 56

Do not use acetylene at pressures greater than __ psi.

Answer 56

15

Question 57

Burning bars produce temperatures in excess of ____. The cutting bars or rods range in size from ___ to ___ in diameter and from __ to __ length.

Answer 57

8,000*F 1/4 to 3/4 inch 22 to 36 in

Question 58

ARC-Aire produces temperatures from ____ to _____. The rods last between __ and __ seconds.

Answer 58

6,000 to 10,000*F | 15 and 30

Question 59

Cutting Flares produce a ____ flame that will last from __ seconds to __ minutes

Answer 59

6,800*F | 15 to two

Question 60

Plasma-arc cutters are also ultra-high-temperature metal-cutting devices, generating temperatures of up to _____. Up to ___ amperes of electrical power is utilized. ___, _____, and ___ are just a few of the gases used.

Answer 60

50,000*F 200 amperes Air, Nitrogen, and Argon

Question 61

Oxyacetylene cutting torches generate an extremely hot flame. For preheating metal, the flame temperature in air is approximately ____. When pure oxygen is added through the torch handle assembly, a flame of over ____ is created.

Answer 61

4,200*F | 5,700*F

Question 62

Pretrogen cutting torches produce a cutting flame in the range of ____.

Answer 62

2,800*F

Question 63

The most common sizes or ratings of come-alongs are _ to __ tons

Answer 63

1 to 10

Question 64

A ____ is a wooden or metal frame containing one or more pulleys called sheaves. _____ is the assembly of ropes and blocks through which the line passes to multiply the pulling force.

Answer 64

Block | Tackle