Chapter 4: Fill In

Question 1

_____ is a state of equilibrium that is maintained within the body’s internal environment

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

An ____ us the smallest, most basic chemical unit of an element

Answer 2

atom

Question 3

A ____ is a chemical combination of two or more atoms from a specific chemical compound.

Answer 3

molecule

Question 4

____ is a tasteless, clear, odorless, liquid that makes up 55% of a female’s body weight.

Answer 4

water

Question 5

____ are considered the basic building blocks for various structures that make-up a human being

Answer 5

cells

Question 6

The outer covering of the cell is called the ____ ____, it allows some substances to pass into and out of the cell.

Answer 6

cell membrane

Question 7

The substance between the cell membrane and the nucleus and is made of a jelly like material is the _____.

Answer 7

cytoplasm

Question 8

The _____ is responsible o for the cells metabolism, growth, and reproduction. It contains the chromosomes.

Answer 8

nucleus

Question 9

The nucleus contains the _____ which are microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics.

Answer 9

chromosomes

Question 10

The human body has __ pairs of chromosomes.

Answer 10

23

Question 11

_____ _____ are unspecialized and can give rise to specialized cell types ,sources include embryos, adult tissue, and umbilical cord blood.

Answer 11

stem cells

Question 12

An activity such as conception that takes place inside the body is known as __ ____ and the same activity that takes place outside the body (test tube) is known as __ ____.

Answer 12

in vivo

in vitro

Question 13

Name 3 primary functions of the cell membrane

Answer 13

protects the cell
provides communication
allows substance to pass in and out of the cell

Question 14

Name 1 primary function of the cytoplasm

Answer 14

provides storage

provides work area

Question 15

Name 2 primary functions of the nucleus

Answer 15

controls activity within the cell

contains genetic material

Question 16

____ is a grouping of similar cells that together perform specialized functions, there are four basic types.

Answer 16

tissue

Question 17

Name the four basic types of tissues in the body

Answer 17

epithelial
connective
muscle
nerve

Question 18

List 6 functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 18

protection
sensation
secretion
absorption
excretion
diffusion

Question 19

The most widespread and abundant of the body tissues, ____ tissue forms the supporting network for the organs of the body, is involved with muscles bones and joints.

Answer 19

connective

Question 20

Name 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 20

skeletal
cardiac
smooth

Question 21

___ ___ consists of nerve cells

Answer 21

nerve tissue

Question 22

multiple different tissues serving a common purpose or function make up structures called ___.

Answer 22

organs

Question 23

a group of different organs functioning together for a common purpose is called a ____.

Answer 23

system

Question 24

name the 11 body systems

Answer 24

integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
blood and lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive

Question 25

the standard ___ ____ for the body is erect, head facing forward, arms by the sides with palms to the front.

Answer 25

anatomical position

Question 26

toward the head

Answer 26

superior

Question 27

toward the feet

Answer 27

inferior

Question 28

front side of the body

Answer 28

anterior or ventral

Question 29

back side of the body

Answer 29

posterior or dorsal

Question 30

pertaining to the head

Answer 30

cephalic

Question 31

pertaining to the side

Answer 31

lateral

Question 32

pertaining to near the trunk of the body

Answer 32

proximal

Question 33

pertaining to away from the trunk of the body

Answer 33

distal

Question 34

the ___ plane, vertically divides the body into right and left sides

Answer 34

sagittal

Question 35

The ____ plane, vertically divides the body as it passes through the midline to form a right and left half

Answer 35

midsagittal

Question 36

the ____ or ____ plane divides the body into superior and inferior positions

Answer 36

transverse | horizontal

Question 37

the ____ or ____ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

Answer 37

coronal | frontal

Question 38

body cavities are classified into two groups according to their location. on the front is the ____ cavity and on the back is the ____ cavity

Answer 38

ventral | dorsal

Question 39

name the 5 body cavities

Answer 39

``` cranial thoracic abdominal pelvic spinal ```

Question 40

the ____ cavity is the combination of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Answer 40

abdominopelvic

Question 41

the lower left and right regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are called the ___ or ___ regions

Answer 41

iliac | inguinial

Question 42

the central region of the abdominopelvic cavitiy is the ___ region

Answer 42

umbilical

Question 43

the upper left and right regions of the abdominopelvic cavity are called the ____ regions

Answer 43

hypochondriac

Question 44

the upper middle region of the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the ____ region

Answer 44

epigastric

Question 45

the right & left lateral region of the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the ____ region

Answer 45

lumbar

Question 46

the lower middle region of the abdominopelvic cavity is known as the ____ region

Answer 46

hypogastric

Question 47

name the four quadrants of the body and provide their appropriate abbreviations

Answer 47

right upper quadrant (RUQ) right lower quadrant (RLQ) left upper quadrant (LUQ) left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Question 48

The ___ is also called the torso.

Answer 48

trunk