Chapter 4: Forces Shaping Behaviour

Question 1

Sociological analysis is…

Answer 1

The development of the self based on the results of interactions between us and others.

Question 2

George Mead believed that…

Answer 2

We create our personalities depending on our setting

Question 3

Define the term: I-self…

Answer 3

Formed by our relationships with the people closest a to us. The I-self is rarely shown

Question 4

Define the term: Me-self…

Answer 4

Guided by rules and expectations of the roles we play, this is our public self

Question 5

This analysis believes that:

-concept of self is culturally constructed

Answer 5

Anthropological analysis

Question 6

• the learning process of the ideas, values and beliefs of our culture
• this influences our self concept and world views
• family is the most important force of this

Answer 6

Enculturation

Question 7

Psychological analysis

Answer 7

• when our sense of self (ego) is in crisis we use Defence mechanisms
• these are unconscious reactions to frustration and tension

Question 8

Freud’s 4 defence mechanisms are:

Answer 8

1. Rationalization: denial of behaviour/excuses for failure
2. Displacement: moving the anger from a person/situation to a less threatening object
3. Repression: pushing unwanted thoughts from the conscious to the subconscious, this may reappear
4. Projection: seeing something negative in someone that you might see in yourself but cannot admit

Question 9

Sense of who we are is based on ideas about our:

Answer 9

• strength
• weakness
• beliefs
• hopes

Question 10

Full in the blanks:
During ages 12-18 a teen is constantly wondering if people like them or not. The challenge they face is to ( blank ). They often face an ( blank ) during hard times, they begin to start questioning who they are and what their ( blank ) are.

Answer 10

• create their own identity
• identity crisis
• morals

Question 11

The ability to identify and achieve goals based Ina foundation of knowing and valuing oneself.

Answer 11

Self-determination

Question 12

Self-enhancers

Answer 12

People who think about themselves more positively than others do; these people are more emotionally stable but can also become too arrogant.

Question 13

What is the Nature-Nurture debate?

Answer 13

The debate on whether nature (inherited characteristics) or nurture (learned) has more of an impact on your development

Question 14

List the environmental factors that play a role in personality development:

Answer 14

• time spent with family
• television
• attitudes of friends

Question 15

What does advertising encourage?

Answer 15

• materialism
• consumerism
• objectifying men and women
• body image

Question 16

What is the Human Genome Project?

Answer 16

A project used to determine DNA sequence in humans.

-function of genes that are linked to certain diseases (ie: cancer)

Question 17

Fill in the blanks:

When someone has a ( blank ) they have a hard time coping with ( blank ) stresses of life.

Answer 17

• psychological disorder

- ordinary

Question 18

Explain neurotic disorders:

Answer 18

Extremely anxious and tense people. React with fear to situations that most people would find non-threatening. Generally able to manage daily affairs.

Question 19

Briefly explain panic attacks:

Answer 19

People characterized by feared intense physical and emotional anxiety. Can sometimes lead to passing out. Panic attacks are more common in women but most men just simply don’t report these feelings.

Question 20

Explain phobias:

Answer 20

An irrational fear with no basis to reality. These phobias interrupt normal life. This can be resolved by gradually accepting or confronting the fear. ie: claustrophobia

Question 21

Briefly explain OCD:

Answer 21

Difficult to treat this neurosis. A behaviour that’s obsessed with exactness and symmetry, they feel like something awful will happen if it isn’t accomplished. OCD can be acquired from imbalance of serotonin in the brain.

Question 22

Characteristics of ( blank ) :

• often lose touch with the real world
• difference perception of reality than the rest of the world
• may experience hallucinations

Answer 22

Psychotic disorder

Question 23

Characteristics of ( blank ) :

• aka sociopathy
• very rare but dangerous
• most serial rapists and killers have this
• history of breaking rules or strange behaviour before age 15
• look “normal” and unable to feel empathy
• more common in men for no specific reason

Answer 23

Antisocial personality disorder

Question 24

List 3 causes of antisocial personality disorder:

Answer 24

• brings out the nature-nurture debate
• environmental: insufficient bonding between infants and mothers
• biological: lack of grey matter in the prefrontal cortex