Chapter 4 - Genetics Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 4 - Genetics Deck (16)
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1
Q

Gregor Mendel

A

Austrian monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)

2
Q

Reginald Punnett

A

created the Punnett square based on Gregor Mendel’s work

3
Q

Allele

A

an alternative form of a gene

4
Q

Dominant allele

A

one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

5
Q

Recessive allele

A

an allele that is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present

6
Q

Homozygous

A

both alleles of a gene are the same

7
Q

Heterozygous

A

the alleles of a particular gene are different

8
Q

homozygous dominant

A

both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and dominant (AA)

9
Q

homozygous recessive

A

both alleles (factors) for a trait are the same and recessive (aa)

10
Q

Genotype

A

an organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations

11
Q

phenotype

A

physical characteristics of an organism

12
Q

heredity

A

the study of how traits are passed from one generation to the next

13
Q

principles of heredity

A
  1. Traits are controlled by alleles on chromosomes
  2. An allele’s effect is dominant or recessive
  3. When a pair of chromosomes separates during meiosis, the different alleles for a trait move into separate sex cells
14
Q

purebred

A

an organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent

15
Q

hybrid

A

an offspring with a mix of alleles for a specific character

16
Q

hybrid cross

A

a cross of two individuals heterozygous for the same trait; results in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio