Chapter 4: Kapwa and the Struggle for Justice, Freedom, and Dignity

Question 1

What is the term for basic courtesy or politeness toward strangers in Filipino social interaction?

a) Pakikisalamuha
b) Pakikitungo
c) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
d) Pakikisama

Answer 1

Correct answer: b) Pakikitungo

Question 2

Which of the following refers to social interaction without deeper involvement?

a) Pakikisama
b) Pakikisalamuha
c) Pakikilahok
d) Pakikipagkapwa

Answer 2

Correct answer: b) Pakikisalamuha

Question 3

In Filipino interaction, what does “Pakikisama” refer to?

a) Conforming to social norms
b) Adjusting or compromising with group expectations
c) Developing trust and emotional openness
d) Joining activities without personal connection

Answer 3

Correct answer: b) Adjusting or compromising with group expectations

Question 4

Which level of interaction is characterized by a profound sense of unity and identification?

a) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
b) Pakikisangkot
c) Pakikiisa
d) Pakikisalamuha

Answer 4

Correct answer: c) Pakikiisa

Question 5

What is the Filipino term for the shared dignity, respect, and deep human connection beyond mere conflict avoidance?

a) Kapwa
b) SIR (Smooth Interpersonal Relations)
c) SIS (Shared Inner Self)
d) Kagandahang-loob

Answer 5

Correct answer: c) SIS (Shared Inner Self)

Question 6

Which of the following reflects treating everyone as equals, regardless of status or role in Filipino social interaction?

a) Pakikisalamuha
b) Pakikipagkapwa
c) Pakikisama
d) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob

Answer 6

Correct answer: b) Pakikipagkapwa

Question 7

What is a key element in Pakikipagkapwa that rejects exploitative behavior and emphasizes fairness?

a) Social norms
b) Emotional openness
c) Moral commitment
d) Reciprocity

Answer 7

Correct answer: c) Moral commitment

Question 8

Which term refers to the process of actively engaging in shared concerns in Filipino social interaction?

a) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
b) Pakikisangkot
c) Pakikipagkapwa
d) Pakikisalamuha

Answer 8

Correct answer: b) Pakikisangkot

Question 9

The Filipino concept of “Kapwa” signifies:

a) The separation of self from others
b) A shared inner self and connectedness
c) The superficial aspect of social norms
d) Strict adherence to individualism

Answer 9

Correct answer: b) A shared inner self and connectedness

Question 10

What term describes a Filipino’s effort to avoid conflict by adhering to superficial social norms?

a) SIS
b) SIR
c) Pakikipagkapwa
d) Kagandahang-loob

Answer 10

Correct answer: b) SIR

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the Filipino term “Kagandahang-loob”?

a) A shared inner nobility expressed in acts of generosity
b) The act of adjusting to social norms
c) The deep emotional bond formed with strangers
d) A personal commitment to fairness and justice

Answer 11

Correct answer: a) A shared inner nobility expressed in acts of generosity

Question 12

Which of the following actions embodies the value of Kagandahang-loob?

a) Lending utensils to neighbors
b) Conforming to group expectations
c) Avoiding conflict in conversations
d) Engaging in personal introspection

Answer 12

Correct answer: a) Lending utensils to neighbors

Question 13

What is the moral dimension of Pakikipagkapwa, demonstrated during the People’s Power revolution of 1986?

a) Conflict avoidance
b) Collective resistance against exploitation
c) Spiritual unity
d) Individual success

Answer 13

Correct answer: b) Collective resistance against exploitation

Question 14

Which of the following is the highest level of Pakikipagkapwa?

a) Pakikilahok
b) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob
c) Pakikiisa
d) Pakikisama

Answer 14

Correct answer: c) Pakikiisa

Question 15

Which Filipino proverb reflects the difficulty of treating others as equals?

a) “Madali ang maging tao, mahirap ang magpakatao”
b) “Kung mahirap ang maging tao, lalong mahirap ang makipagkapwa-tao”
c) “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinagmulan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan”
d) “Bilog ang mundo, may araw at may gabi”

Answer 15

Correct answer: b) “Kung mahirap ang maging tao, lalong mahirap ang makipagkapwa-tao”

Question 16

Which Filipino pronoun refers to an inclusive “we” that includes the listener?

a) Kami
b) Tayo
c) Kita
d) Isang-bansa

Answer 16

Correct answer: b) Tayo

Question 17

What Filipino term describes the act of joining activities without significant personal connection?

a) Pakikisalamuha
b) Pakikilahok
c) Pakikisama
d) Pakikipagkapwa

Answer 17

Correct answer: b) Pakikilahok

Question 18

The concept of “Saling-pusa” refers to:

a) A flexible member of a group
b) A formal and highly committed member of a group
c) A moral leader in the community
d) A person who avoids conflict at all costs

Answer 18

Correct answer: a) A flexible member of a group

Question 19

The Filipino term “Kita” refers to:

a) Dual “we” (speaker and listener)
b) Exclusive “we” (excludes listener)
c) Inclusive “we” (includes listener)
d) A singular “we” (referring to the speaker alone)

Answer 19

Correct answer: a) Dual “we” (speaker and listener)

Question 20

The Filipino concept of “Kapwa” emphasizes:

a) The independence of each individual
b) A shared existence that connects people together
c) Strictly following social norms to avoid conflict
d) The division of roles based on status

Answer 20

Correct answer: b) A shared existence that connects people together

Question 21

Pakikipagkapwa reflects a commitment to:

a) Cooperation based on personal benefit
b) Treating everyone as equals
c) Avoiding confrontation at all costs
d) Making sure to maintain personal boundaries

Answer 21

Correct answer: b) Treating everyone as equals

Question 22

The Filipino concept of Kapwa is closely related to the value of:

a) Individualism
b) Unity and mutual respect
c) Competition and personal success
d) Superficial friendliness

Answer 22

Correct answer: b) Unity and mutual respect

Question 23

Pakikibagay refers to:

a) Developing trust and emotional openness
b) Adjusting to social norms or situations
c) Compromising to align with group expectations
d) Forming emotional bonds with others

Answer 23

Correct answer: b) Adjusting to social norms or situations

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of an act driven by Kagandahang-loob?

a) Criticizing a neighbor’s behavior
b) Lending a car to a friend in need without expecting anything in return
c) Always conforming to group expectations
d) Avoiding conversation to prevent conflict

Answer 24

Correct answer: b) Lending a car to a friend in need without expecting anything in return

Question 25

Which level of interaction involves developing mutual trust and emotional openness? a) Pakikisangkot b) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob c) Pakikisalamuha d) Pakikibagay

Answer 25

Correct answer: b) Pakikipagpalagayang-loob

Question 26

Which Filipino value is closely associated with the idea of reciprocity and nobility in human interaction? a) Pakikisalamuha b) Kagandahang-loob c) Pakikisama d) Pakikipagkapwa

Answer 26

Correct answer: b) Kagandahang-loob

Question 27

What is the term for the moral commitment to equitable treatment in Filipino social values? a) Kagandahang-loob b) Pakikisama c) Pakikipagkapwa d) Kapwa-tao

Answer 27

Correct answer: c) Pakikipagkapwa

Question 28

The term "Panakip-butas" refers to: a) A highly valued member of a community b) A "filler" or substitute member of a group c) A leader in the social structure d) A long-time member of a group

Answer 28

Correct answer: b) A "filler" or substitute member of a group

Question 29

What term best describes the Filipino strategy for avoiding conflict in social interactions? a) Kapwa b) SIR c) SIS d) Pakikisama

Answer 29

Correct answer: b) SIR

Question 30

Which of the following is a central concept in Filipino philosophy related to human connectedness? a) Kapwa b) Pakikisalamuha c) Kagandahang-loob d) Pakikipagkapwa

Answer 30

Correct answer: a) Kapwa

Question 31

What does the Filipino concept of "karangalan" encompass? a) Only self-dignity b) Both puri (external recognition) and dangal (self-dignity) c) External recognition only d) Only external validation from society

Answer 31

Correct answer: b) Both puri (external recognition) and dangal (self-dignity)

Question 32

Which component of karangalan refers to society’s acknowledgment of a person’s worth? a) Puri b) Parangal c) Dangal d) Pagkatao

Answer 32

Correct answer: a) Puri

Question 33

What does the concept of "dangal" primarily represent? a) Public accolades b) Self-dignity and internal honor c) Social recognition d) External validation

Answer 33

Correct answer: b) Self-dignity and internal honor

Question 34

How does dangal differ from puri in Filipino culture? a) Dangal comes from within, while puri relies on external affirmation. b) Dangal is related to social norms, while puri is personal. c) Dangal is external recognition, while puri is internal honor. d) Dangal is less significant than puri.

Answer 34

Correct answer: a) Dangal comes from within, while puri relies on external affirmation.

Question 35

What does "staking dangal" signify in Filipino psychology? a) Securing external validation b) Defending or pursuing a principle, risking one's identity c) Compromising personal values for social approval d) Avoiding moral challenges

Answer 35

Correct answer: b) Defending or pursuing a principle, risking one's identity

Question 36

How does the Filipino concept of "kalayaan" differ from the Western understanding of freedom? a) Kalayaan is solely about political independence. b) Kalayaan is a luxury for only the wealthy. c) Kalayaan transcends legal rights, focusing on survival and necessity. d) Kalayaan is about following societal rules and norms.

Answer 36

Correct answer: c) Kalayaan transcends legal rights, focusing on survival and necessity.

Question 37

In Filipino culture, kalayaan often equates to: a) The ability to sustain life and livelihood b) Freedom from poverty c) The ability to act freely within the law d) The ability to travel without restrictions

Answer 37

Correct answer: a) The ability to sustain life and livelihood

Question 38

How do marginalized communities in the Philippines often view kalayaan? a) As a luxury b) As a survival necessity, linked to daily life c) As a legal entitlement d) As a form of political freedom

Answer 38

Correct answer: b) As a survival necessity, linked to daily life

Question 39

What does kalayaan mean for the Aetas of Zambales? a) Freedom from poverty b) The ability to move their kaingin fields despite laws c) The freedom to access legal benefits d) Freedom from all societal constraints

Answer 39

Correct answer: b) The ability to move their kaingin fields despite laws

Question 40

For many Filipinos, especially in rural areas, kalayaan is linked to: a) The need to survive and sustain their livelihood b) Political independence c) Legal freedom d) The ability to escape societal responsibilities

Answer 40

Correct answer: a) The need to survive and sustain their livelihood

Question 41

In Filipino thought, the freedom to act is often directly tied to: a) Personal ambition b) Independence from cultural traditions c) Sustaining life and community d) National sovereignty

Answer 41

Correct answer: c) Sustaining life and community

Question 42

The Filipino understanding of kalayaan highlights: a) The ability to escape societal responsibilities b) A conflict-free life c) The interplay between constraints and survival needs d) Freedom from government regulations

Answer 42

Correct answer: c) The interplay between constraints and survival needs

Question 43

The concept of "katarungan" is essential for what in Filipino society? a) Financial stability b) Peace and harmony c) Economic growth d) Individual success

Answer 43

Correct answer: b) Peace and harmony

Question 44

What historical movement in the Philippines highlighted the importance of justice (katarungan)? a) People Power Revolution b) Justice for Aquino, Justice for All (JAJA) c) Economic Reforms of the 1980s d) Martial Law

Answer 44

Correct answer: b) Justice for Aquino, Justice for All (JAJA)

Question 45

In the Filipino context, justice (katarungan) is deeply tied to: a) Accountability and reconciliation b) Personal wealth accumulation c) Strict enforcement of the law d) Maintaining social order through control

Answer 45

Correct answer: a) Accountability and reconciliation

Question 46

What foreign influences shaped Philippine laws and concepts of justice? a) Chinese legal traditions b) British colonial rule c) Filipino indigenous practices d) Spanish Civil Code and American Constitutional frameworks

Answer 46

Correct answer: d) Spanish Civil Code and American Constitutional frameworks

Question 47

Filipino justice (katarungan) is a hybrid of which two systems? a) Indigenous Filipino values and foreign laws b) Islamic law and European traditions c) Colonial practices and indigenous Filipino customs d) Western democracy and Chinese philosophy

Answer 47

Correct answer: a) Indigenous Filipino values and foreign laws

Question 48

What role does "puri" play in the Filipino concept of karangalan? a) It provides external validation and recognition from society. b) It reflects a person's ability to adapt to societal norms. c) It is an internal, intrinsic quality that supports personal values. d) It is linked to the individual's ability to succeed.

Answer 48

Correct answer: a) It provides external validation and recognition from society.

Question 49

What does the Filipino concept of "dangal" enable an individual to do? a) Face challenges with integrity and maintain self-respect b) Achieve societal recognition c) Gain personal wealth d) Adjust to social pressures

Answer 49

Correct answer: a) Face challenges with integrity and maintain self-respect

Question 50

What is an example of "staking dangal" in Filipino culture? a) Remaining silent in the face of injustice b) Defending a principle even at the risk of personal harm c) Seeking public recognition for achievements d) Complying with social expectations to avoid criticism

Answer 50

Correct answer: b) Defending a principle even at the risk of personal harm

Question 51

The concept of kalayaan in rural or impoverished areas often involves: a) Navigating through legal restrictions to survive b) Pursuing leisure activities c) Working in government-regulated fields d) Fighting for political independence

Answer 51

Correct answer: a) Navigating through legal restrictions to survive

Question 52

What does "kalayaan" mean for the duck raisers of Laguna? a) The freedom to live without external constraints b) Accessing formal education c) Intruding into fishpens to gather food for their ducks d) Working in government-regulated fields

Answer 52

Correct answer: c) Intruding into fishpens to gather food for their ducks

Question 53

Which Filipino term represents external recognition of someone's worth? a) Kalayaan b) Puri c) Katarungan d) Dangal

Answer 53

Correct answer: b) Puri

Question 54

In the Filipino concept of justice (katarungan), social justice is considered as essential as: a) Financial wealth b) Individual ambition c) Food and employment d) Political power

Answer 54

Correct answer: c) Food and employment

Question 55

What is the main principle behind Filipino justice (katarungan)? a) Strict enforcement of the law b) Reconciliation and accountability c) Maintaining social order through control d) Prioritizing individual success

Answer 55

Correct answer: b) Reconciliation and accountability

Question 56

Which of the following reflects the Filipino concept of kalayaan? a) The freedom to escape societal responsibilities b) The ability to act based on survival needs c) Political independence d) The ability to travel freely

Answer 56

Correct answer: b) The ability to act based on survival needs

Question 57

How does "karangalan" relate to an individual’s identity in Filipino culture? a) It is determined by material success. b) It involves both internal and external aspects of dignity and honor. c) It only reflects external achievements. d) It is solely based on societal approval.

Answer 57

Correct answer: b) It involves both internal and external aspects of dignity and honor.

Question 58

Which Filipino term refers to the external validation or praise for one's achievements or qualities? a) Kalayaan b) Puri c) Katarungan d) Dangal

Answer 58

Correct answer: b) Puri

Question 59

What does "kalayaan" in the Filipino context often emphasize for marginalized groups? a) Freedom from government regulations b) Legal rights and privileges c) Political freedom d) The ability to act based on survival needs

Answer 59

Correct answer: d) The ability to act based on survival needs

Question 60

Which of the following is an essential characteristic of Filipino justice (katarungan)? a) It avoids conflicts at all costs. b) It integrates foreign and indigenous values to create a hybrid concept. c) It prioritizes individual success. d) It is based solely on external laws.

Answer 60

Correct answer: b) It integrates foreign and indigenous values to create a hybrid concept.

Question 61

Which is not one of the constitution of the Philippines? a. The 1986 Freedom Constitution. b. The 1943 Constitution. c. The 1899 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato. d. The 1899 Malolos Constitution.

Answer 61

c. The 1899 Constitution of Biak-na-Bato.

Question 62

What year is the freedon constitution? a. 1897 b. 1935 c. 1973 d. 1986

Answer 62

d. 1986

Question 63

What year is the Malolos constitution? a. 1899 b. 1999 c. 1998 d. 1898

Answer 63

a. 1899

Question 64

Which constitution happened during 1897? a. The Mabolo Constitution b. The constitution of Biak-na-Bato c. Acts of the United States Congress d. The Freeson Constitution

Answer 64

b. The constitution of Biak-na-Bato

Question 65

Karapatan (rights), katotohanan (truth) and katwiran (reason), and kapayapaan (peace) and pagkakaisa (unity) are the core elements of? a. Kabayanihan b. Batas c. Kalayaan d. Katarungan

Answer 65

d. Katarungan

Question 66

The filipino term __________ implies command or decree. a. Katarungan b. Batas c. Konstitusyon d. Pakikiisa

Answer 66

B. Batas

Question 67

It emphasizes fairness and appropriateness. a. Katarungan b. Batas c. Konstitusyon d. Pakikiisa

Answer 67

a. Katarungan