chapter 4-longevity, health and functioning

Question 1

average longevity

Answer 1

age at which half of the individuals born in a particular year will have died; depends on genetic and environment

Question 2

maximum longevity

Answer 2

oldest age to which an individual of a species will live; 120

Question 3

dependent vs active life expectancy

Answer 3

living a long time (dependent) vs living to a healthy old age (active)

Question 4

genetic factors to life expectancy

Answer 4

family history, conditions, ethnic group

Question 5

environmental factors to life expectancy

Answer 5

disease, toxins, lifestyle, social class,

Question 6

ethnic differences

Answer 6

nutrition, access to health care, stress, SES

Question 7

what ethnicity lives longest

Answer 7

asian american

Question 8

what ethnicity live shortest

Answer 8

african american

Question 9

gender differences in longevity

Answer 9

women live 7 years longer

Question 10

health

Answer 10

state of complete physical, mental, social well being, not just the absence of disease or impairment

Question 11

illness

Answer 11

presence of a physical or mental disease or impairment

Question 12

quality of life

Answer 12

peoples perception of their position in life in context of their culture and in relation to their goals, expectations, values and concerns

Question 13

health related quality of life

Answer 13

to what extent does distress from illness or side effects associated with treatment reduce persons wish to live ; evaluation on life, attachment to present life, hopes for future, finding meaning in everyday events

Question 14

non health related quality of life

Answer 14

things in the environment such as availability of entertainment,economic resources that can impact level of enjoyment

Question 15

acute disease

Answer 15

conditions that develop over a short period of time and cause a rapid change in health

Question 16

chronic diseases

Answer 16

conditions that last a long time (3 months) and may be accompanied by residual functional impairment that necessitates long term management

Question 17

stress as a psychological state

Answer 17

sympathetic nervous system

Question 18

gender differences

Answer 18

men: fight or flight
women: tend and befriend

Question 19

stress and coping paradigm

Answer 19

interaction of a thinking person and event

Question 20

how does stress affect the body

Answer 20

muscle tension, decreased sex drive, grind teeth, headaches, attention problem, digestion problems

Question 21

effects of stress on health

Answer 21

short vs long term, chronic stress (immune system suppression, hypertension, impaired memory and cognition)

Question 22

effects of stress can last

Answer 22

for decades, passed on to children

Question 23

examples of chronic conditions

Answer 23

heart disease, diabetes, vascular disease, chronic pain, cancer, respiratory conditions

Question 24

how much money does it cost to treat chronic diseases in US

Answer 24

billions-less than 1% used for prevention

Question 25

patient empowerment : health literacy

Answer 25

ability for patients to obtain, process, and understand basic health information in order to make appropriate health decisions

Question 26

common chronic conditions: diabetes mellitus

Answer 26

when a pancreas produces insufficient insulin

Question 27

common chronic conditions: diabetes mellitus, type I

Answer 27

insulin dependent, childhood, insulin injections for life

Question 28

common chronic conditions: diabetes mellitus, type II

Answer 28

develops in adulthood likely due to obesity, older adults (weight gani, less active, hormone changes)

Question 29

common chronic conditions: diabetes mellitus, long term effects

Answer 29

nerve damage, diabetic retinopathy, kidney problems, cerebrovascular accidents, cognitive dysfunction, damage to coronary arteries, skin problems, poor circulation, increase chance of stroke/heart disease

Question 30

common chronic conditions: cancer

Answer 30

second leadnig cause of death; abnormal growth of cells; 100+ types; chemo, radiation, surgery; risk increases with age; some are preventable

Question 31

managing pain

Answer 31

pharmacological and nonpharmacological

Question 32

managing pain: nonpharmacological

Answer 32

therapeutic touch (massage, vibration, heat/cold); electrical stimulation; acupuncture; biofeedback; distraction techniques; relaxation, meditation, imagery; hypnosis

Question 33

medication absorption

Answer 33

time needed for medicine to enter bloodstream and distribute throughout the body; start low go slow

Question 34

absorption: drug metabolism

Answer 34

getting rid of medications in the bloodstream, liver

Question 35

absorption: drug excretion

Answer 35

occurs in kidneys through urine; feces, sweat, saliva

Question 36

polypharmacy

Answer 36

multiple drugs taken at a time; good communication

Question 37

functional health

Answer 37

how well a person functions in daily life

Question 38

causes of functional limitations

Answer 38

heavy drinking, smoking, limited exercise, depression, social isolation, fair or poor perceived health

Question 39

disability

Answer 39

effects chronic conditions have on peoples ability to engage in activities that are necessary, expected, and personally desire in their society

Question 40

risk factors

Answer 40

long standing behaviors or conditions that increase ones chances of functional limitations or disability

Question 41

activities of daily living

Answer 41

basic self care, eating,bathing, walking, dressing

Question 42

instrumental activities of daily living

Answer 42

includes some use of intellectual competence/planning; paying bills, taking medications, completing household chores

Question 43

how to determine functional health status

Answer 43

ADL and IADL