chapter 4: molecules and compounds

Question 1

what is the chemical formula for nitrate?

Answer 1

NO3 (-)

Question 2

what is the chemical formula for hydroxide?

Answer 2

OH (-)

Question 3

these are examples of what kind of binary compound?

HCl, CO2

Answer 3

molecular binary compounds

Question 4

what is the chemical formula for nitrite?

Answer 4

NO2 (-)

Question 5

what are the three rules of naming molecular compounds?

Answer 5

1. first word is the name of the first element in the compound, typically the lease electronegative
2. for the second word, change the ending of the name of the second element to -ide
3. use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms of each type in the molcule

Question 6

what is the chemical formula for sulfate?

Answer 6

SO4 (2-)

Question 7

cations are _____

Answer 7

positive

Question 8

anions are _____

Answer 8

negative

Question 9

chemical formula for _________ compounds follow these rules…

shows simplest whole number ratio of cation and anions

charges balance to give a neutral formula

Answer 9

ionic compounds

Question 10

in naming ionic compounds, what is the name of the parent element that will have no changes

Answer 10

monoatomic cation

Question 11

what is the chemical formula for perchlorate?

Answer 11

ClO4 (-)

Question 12

bond that involves a non-metal and another non-metal or metalloid

Answer 12

covalent bonds

Question 13

what is the chemical formula for sulfite?

Answer 13

SO3 (2-)

Question 14

what are the two rules of naming ionic compounds?

Answer 14

1. first word is the name of the cation
2. second word is the name of the anion

Question 15

based off of these facts, what type of compound is this?

• covalently bonded elements
• non-metal and non-metal or metalloid
• directional bonds between atoms
• smallest particle is a molecule
• molecular formula includes all atoms in the molecule

Answer 15

molecular compound

Question 16

what is the chemical formula for carbonate?

Answer 16

CO3 (2-)

Question 17

what is the chemical formula for acetate?

Answer 17

CH3CO2 (-)

Question 18

in ionic compounds, metals can form more than one cation

the name of the metal is followed by a roman numeral which indicates the cation charge

i.e. what is the name for…

CuO (Cu [2+] + O [2-])

Answer 18

copper (II) oxide

Question 19

name all of the diatomics

Answer 19

N2, O2, H2

Question 20

chemical formula for _________ compounds follow follow these rules…

shows composition of the molecule

show atoms ad relative numbers of each atom (subscripts give numbers of each atom)

Answer 20

molecular compounds

Question 21

for ionic binary compounds, they are made of two different _____

Answer 21

ions

Question 22

what is the chemical formula for phosphate?

Answer 22

PO4 (3-)

Question 23

ions that are derived from single atoms

i.e.

Na+, Ca2+, S2-, F-

Answer 23

monoatomic ions

Question 24

in naming ionic compounds, what is the specific name of the species

Answer 24

polyatomic cation/anion

Question 25

what is the chemical formula for cyanide?

Answer 25

CN (-)

Question 26

for molecular binary compounds, they are made of two different _____

Answer 26

elements

Question 27

bond that involves a metal and non-metal (cations and anions)

Answer 27

ionic bonds

Question 28

a group of atoms that are covalently bonded together but the entire group carries a charge (+ or -) i.e. single atoms composed of multiple atoms NH4+ ammonium cation NO3- nitrate anion OH- hydroxide anion SO4^2- sulfate anion

Answer 28

polyatomic ions

Question 29

what are the two extra rules of naming molecular compounds?

Answer 29

1. do not use mono- with the first element in a name 2. last letter (a or o) of the prefix is dropped if element begins with vowel i.e. NO2 - nitrogen dioxide N2O4 - dinitrogen tetroxide

Question 30

in naming ionic compounds, what is the name of the parent element with the ending changed to -ide

Answer 30

monoatomic anion

Question 31

these are examples of what kind of binary compound? NaCl, (NH4)2S

Answer 31

ionic binary compounds

Question 32

binary compounds are exposed of ____ ________

Answer 32

two species

Question 33

based off of these facts, what type of compound is this? - metal and nonmetal - cations and anions - omni-directional electrostatic attractive forces - no individual molecules (three dimensional lattice structure of ions)

Answer 33

ionic compound

Question 34

bond that involves a metal or metals (think sea of electrons)

Answer 34

metallic bond

Question 35

what is the chemical formula for permanganate?

Answer 35

KMnO4 (-)

Question 36

what is the chemical formula for ammonium?

Answer 36

NH4 (+)

Question 37

name all of the polyatomics

Answer 37

P4, S8, Se8

Question 38

name all of the halogens

Answer 38

F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Question 39

smallest particle involves two or more atoms bonded together

Answer 39

molecular elements