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Networking + Self Made > Chapter 4 - Network Topology and Technology > Flashcards

Chapter 4 - Network Topology and Technology Flashcards

1
Q

Logical Topology

A

How data is transmitted between nodes and the way signals respond on network media.

Is a function of network protocols in use to transfer data across the network.

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2
Q

Physical Topology

A

The network layout of devices and how they’re arranged, connected and communicate with each other

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3
Q

Star Topology

A

Most common

Each node connects to a central hub or switch. Creating a central connection point for all systems

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4
Q

Star Advantages

A

Easy to implement
Easy to troubleshoot
Easy to upgrade

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5
Q

Star Disadvantages

A

If Sentra hub fails, everything connected is disabled.

Recommend implementation or redundancy

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6
Q

Ring Topology

A

Each ring node is responsible for passing information to and from each other.

Can only directly communicate to devices net to each other in the ring.

Information passes through to the next system till arriving at the destination.

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7
Q

Ring Advantages

A

Reduced collision chance.

Can us a token ring to prevent collision as information is out into a token that moves around to the needed device.

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8
Q

Ring Disadvantages

A

If one node goes offline it effects the entire network.

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9
Q

Mesh Topology

A

A system is connected to every other system on the network.

Makes many redundant connections with no central connection which makes it complex to implement.

Critical devices are normally set up as mesh for redundancy.

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10
Q

Mesh advantages

A

Withstand high traffic volumes
Redundancy
Expand network without interruptions

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11
Q

Mesh disadvantages

A

Difficult to manage

Expensive

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12
Q

Bus Topology (Linear Bus)

A

Network consists of a main trunk which devices are connected.

Needs two end points so signal doesn’t reflect back by using a terminator.

A terminator kills the signal with high resistance

All devices receive all messages

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13
Q

Bus advantages

A

Easy to set up

Inexpensive

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14
Q

Bus disadvantages

A

Limit to the size
Hard to troubleshoot
Venerable to wire tapping

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15
Q

Adhoc wireless

A

LAN

Built as devices are connected to each other and the wireless device

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16
Q

Adhoc Wireless advantages

A 
Bribes need for a router
Affordable
Mobile
Easy setup
Fast to connect multiple devices and computers with no addition hardware
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17
Q

Infrastructure Wireless Network

A

Devices with connect to a wired network using an access point
WLAN extends the wired LAN to wireless devices

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18
Q

Infrastructure Wireless Advantages

A

Scalable
Uses wireless access points to reduce congestion and increase coverage
Move between access points without dropping connection

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19
Q

Infrastructure Wireless disadvantages

A

Complex
Costs more
Requires wireless access points

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20
Q

LAN

A

Local Area Connection
Smaller network typically in a room, building or group of buildings
Can be Ethernet

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21
Q

LAN Characteristics

A

Topology of arrangement of devices as start, ring or mesh
Protocol rules and encoding specifications
Media of cabling used

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22
Q

WLAN

A

Wireless LAN
Enables wireless network communication
Uses WAP

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23
Q

MAN

A

Metropolitan Area Network
Data network designed for a city or town
Connects multiple LANS
Can connect a central office to branches

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24
Q

MAN Benefits

A

Efficient
Fast communication
High speed carriers using fiber
Dedicated connections

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25
WAN
Wire Area Network Spans large geographical areas (Internet) Can use a dedicated connection using a Telco company internet instead of public internet
26
CAN
Campus Area Network | Proprietary LAN used to Server a corporation, university or government agency
27
SAN
Storage area network Specialised high speed network to storage granting block level access. Communicate with hard drives arrays and can only access a dedicated portion of the array (Block Access) High storage and performance using a dedicated connection
28
SAN Advantages
Able to offload app storage Redundancy Consolidation of resources Tiered storage to access SSD or HDD depending on requirements Data protection and security as everything is centrally locates Use redundancy and dedicated staff at facility
29
IoT
Internet of Things Growth of internet enabled devices and communication between them. ``` Laptops Smart Phones Watches Lighting Entertainment systems ```
30
Z-Wave
``` Wireless communication protocol Automated home devices like Heating, Ventilation, Aircon (HVAC) Home Cinema Security Systems Garage ```
31
ANT
Wireless communication protocol is open access wireless service technology Uses 2.4GHz, sensor wireless type Ultra low power Used in fitness monitors for heart test, speed and temperature readings.
32
Bluetooth Smart
Energy efficient and low power compared to original Bluetooth Most devices support it Used for precise location finding and senses when you leave a room to turn off lights
33
NFC
``` Near Field Communication Contactless Supported by smart phones and tablets Fast Convenient Zero configuration Can use different protocols to transfer data ```
34
RFID
Radio Frequency Identification ``` Uses radio frequency waves in LF, HF and UHF Commonly used in chips and Access control cards Asset tracking Parking management Patient ID Inventory management ```
35
802.11 Wireless
``` Wireless networking Uses radio frequencies Low energy consumption Wider coverage range Supports IoT ``` Familiar home implementation with a wireless router(modem)
36
802.11 Standards?
802. 11a (5GHz, 54mbps) 892. 11b (2.4GHz, 11mbps) 802. 11g (2.4GHz, 54mbps, compatible with 802.11b) 802. 11n (both 2.4GHz and 5GHz, 300mbps, uses MIMO) 892. 11ac (simultaneous use of 2.4 and 5GHz, compatible with b,g,n, 2.4GHZ @ 450mbps, 5GHz @ 1300mbps)
37
GSM
Digital Cellular 900MHz and 1800MHz Digitises and compresses sata prior to sending.
38
TDMA
Time Division Multiple Access Divides channels into three time zones. Increase amount of data that can be carried. Each channel is divided by time. Each device syncs to the time slot to accomodate multiple users on one channel.
39
What’s cellular technologies is TDMA?
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service (DAMPS) Personal digital cellular (PDC) morning
40
CDMA
Code division multiple access Used in 2 and 3G Form of multiplexing Allows multiple signals on a single transmission to optimise bandwidth Common in ultra high frequency 800 to 1.9GHz Each transmission has a specific code. Your device only pays attention to that specific code which matches your connection.
41
CDMA Advantages
Good signal quality Flexible resource allocation Easily scalable Compatible with other cellular technologies
42
CDMA Disadvantages
As network grows overall signal quality degrades
43
Frequency
Refers to the number of complete cycles in a single second Measured from peak to trough
44
Low frequencies
Large radio wave lengths
45
High Frequency
Short radio wave lengths
46
IEEE 802.11 frequency ranges
2. 4 to 2.5GHz | 5. 15 to 5.876GHz
47
2.4GHz Stabdards
802. 11b - 11mbps 802. 11g - 54mbps 802. 11n - 150mbps (20MHz channel width), 300mbps (40MHz channel width) * Doubling channel width, doubles mbps through put*
48
2.4GHz advantages
Wider coverage Better object penetration Supports b, g, n
49
2.4GHz disadvantages
Greater interference | Less data speed
50
5GHz Standards
802. 11a - 54mbps 802. 11n - 150mbps (20MHz channel width), 300mbps (40MHz channel width) 802. 11ac - 6.8gps with 8 antennas running 160MHz channel width.
51
5GHz advantages
Less congestion and interference 23 non overlapping channels Supports higher network speeds of 802.11ac
52
5GHz disadvantages
Small signal area Poor obstacle penetration May not support older devices
53
Original IEEE 802.11 standard
2.4GHz 1 to 2 mbps 20ft range
54
802.11a
5GHz 54mbps 25 to 75ft range
55
802.11b
2.4GHz 11mbps 150ft transmission range
56
802.11g
2.4GHz 54mbps 150ft ranger
57
802.11n
2.4GHz and 5GHz Up to 600 mbps 175ft range
58
Channel Bandwidth
Directly effects data transfer rates 802. 11n 20/40MHz Channels 802. 11ac 20/40/80/160MHz Channels MHz is a measurement of how often something is sent. The higher it is the more data can be sent.
59
Channel Width
WiFi uses frequency and channels to transmit and receive data. Default channels are 6 and 22 as they’re far apart, limiting channel overlap which reduces interference. Eg Channel 6 bleeds into 4,5,7,8 Channel 11 bleeds into 9,10,12,13
60
Channel Bonding
Use in 802.11 Is when two adjacent channels using different frequencies and combined. Increases device through put. Provides additional functionality and increased through out Reduces # of channels Eg 2 20MHz channels and be bonded to make one 40MHz channel.
61
Channel bonding 2.4GHz
Support 3 non overlapping 20MHz channels Total width 70MHz Can only have 1 single bonded pair of 40MHz confirmed Throughout up to 54mbps
62
Channel bonding 5GHz
Up to 25 non overlapping 20MHz channels Total 500MHz width More bonded pairs can be confirmed Up to 160MHz using 802.11ac for high through out
63
MIMO
Multiple Inout Multiple Output Wireless antenna technology. Sends multiple signals at once using array of antennas. Antennas combine to help minimise errors and optimise data speed. Supports 802.11n and 802.11ac.
64
Single user MIMO
Multiple sessions at a time between each device which gets its own turn Not as fast as multi user
65
Multi user MIMO
Multiple independent radio terminals to access a system Enables 802.11ab max transfer of 6.93gbps Usurps multiplexing to allow simultaneous communication with multiple devices. Allows multiple users to simultaneously access the same channel and enhance performance.
66
Passive site survey
Access points for signal strength, Interface and coverage Provides good overall picture of Wireless characteristics of network. No connection to access points.
67
Active site survey
Gathers detailed information of Network traffic patterns Overall through put Packet loss Physical rates You make connection to access points.
68
Predictive site survey
Performed with no field measurements Utilises RF planning software tools for coverage Used when site is being built to help planning and budget
69
Site survey documentation
``` Site maps Recommendations Issues relating to coverage, capacity and interference Heat map signal strength Future coverage after implementations ```

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