Chapter 4: Practice Quiz Questions Flashcards
The sociological term for any physical or social attribute or sign that devalues a person’s social identity and disqualifies that person from full social acceptance is __________.
stigma
Durkheim used the term __________ to refer to the social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds.
mechanical solidarity
People engage in civil inattention in an elevator, regardless of where the elevator is located. This illustrates that meanings shared across situations serve to regulate the form and process of interaction, but not the content. Microsociologists use the term __________ to refer to this.
interaction order
The perspective developed by Erving Goffman that compares everyday life to a theatrical presentation is called __________.
dramaturgical analysis
__________ occurs when people disengage from social roles that have been central to their self-identity.
Role exit
A former business manager is between jobs and takes a job at a local retail store in order to make ends meet. In that position, she frequently talks about her previous work and her plans for the future. She doesn’t want people to view her as a “clerk.” Her behavior is an example of __________.
role distancing
Marital inequality, conflict over parenting responsibilities, unclear expectations, and lack of emotional support may contribute to __________ for both men and women.
role strain
When Darlene takes a seat at the local diner, the server approaches the table and says, “Hi, I’m Matt. I’ll be taking care of you today.” This is an example of __________.
a social script
Sociologist Erving Goffman’s term __________ refers to the ways in which an individual shows awareness that another is present without making this person the object of particular attention.
civil inattention
A __________ is a highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals.
formal organization
Media stories that focus on the lack of education or work history among the homeless and not on structural factors such as economic recession or the lack of affordable housing fail to account for the __________ of the situation.
macro view
A __________ is a set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs.
social institution
Occupation is an example of a(n) _______ status.
achieved
A __________ is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.
role
Erving Goffman coined the term ___________ for the strategies we use to rescue our performance when we experience a potentially or actually embarrassing situation.
face-saving behavior
Which of these is the best example of a secondary group?
a. a parent and child
b. a group of best friends
c. the people working together in the same department
d. a sociology class
d. a sociology class
Which of these would not be considered a form of face-saving behavior?
a. studied nonobservance of the mistakes or flaws of another
b. attributing the success of others to luck
c. finding excuses for one’s poor performance
d. attributing one’s own success to preferential treatment by others
attributing one’s own success to preferential treatment by others
Charles has a final exam in the evening at a time when he is supposed to be working. That same evening, Stephanie (his girlfriend) wants him to take her to a movie. To top it off, his mother calls, asking him to fly home because his father is going to have emergency surgery. Sociologists would say that Charles is very likely experiencing __________.
role conflict
Carlos is a freshman at the local college. As a student, he is feeling pressure. He wants to party like the rest of his fraternity brothers, but at the same time, he wants to maintain his 4.0 grade point average. Sociologists would say that Carlos is experiencing _________.
role strain
__________ theorists maintain that in capitalistic societies, where a few people control the labor of many, the social structure reflects a system of relationships of domination and subordination.
Conflict
Some symbolic interaction theorists believe that there is very little shared reality beyond that which is socially created. They refer to this as the __________, which is the process by which our perception of reality is largely shaped by the subjective meaning that we give to an experience.
social construction of reality
__________ theorists emphasize that social structure is essential because it creates order and predictability in a society.
Functionalist
__________ emphasize the role of social institutions in accomplishing essential tasks for society.
Functionalists
__________ theorists do not believe that social institutions work for the common good of everyone in society. They emphasize that social institutions are most likely to meet the needs of those with the greatest amount of power in a society.
Conflict
