Chapter 4 pt.2

Question 1

small infectious proteins that cause fatal neurologic diseases in animals and humans

Answer 1

prions aka infectious proteinaceous molecule

Question 2

of all pathogens, ______ are the most resistant to disinfectants

Answer 2

prions

Question 3

characteristics that can be manifested or is visible physically

Answer 3

phenotypic

Question 4

bacteria that requires CO2

Answer 4

atmospheric requirements

Question 5

round bacteria

Answer 5

cocci

Question 6

rod-shaped bacteria

Answer 6

bacilli

Question 7

spiral-shaped

Answer 7

spirochetes

Question 8

comma-shaped

Answer 8

vibrio

Question 9

ex. of a coffee bean-shaped diplococci

Answer 9

Neisseria gonorrhoaea

Question 10

cocci in pairs

Answer 10

diplococci

Question 11

cocci in chains

Answer 11

streptococci

Question 12

cocci in clusters (grape-like clusters)

Answer 12

staphylococci

Question 13

cocci in packets of 4

Answer 13

tetrads

Question 14

cocci in packets of 8

Answer 14

octads

Question 15

often referred to as rods

Answer 15

bacilli

Question 16

bacilli in pairs

Answer 16

diplobacilli

Question 17

bacilli in chains

Answer 17

streptobacilli

Question 18

bacilli that are extremely small

Answer 18

coccobacilli

Question 19

comma-shaped bacillus

Answer 19

vibrio

Question 20

example of spirochete and is the causative agent of syphilis

Answer 20

Treponema pallidum

Question 21

ex of a spiral-shaped bacteria; the causative agent of relapsing fever

Answer 21

Borrelia hermsii

Question 22

type of staining procedure that consists of only one dye; whatever the color of the stain shall be imparted to the bacteria

Answer 22

simple straining procedure

Question 23

special stain; will stain the special structure of the bacteria such as the capsule, endospore, and flagella

Answer 23

structural staining procedure

Question 24

uses two dyes and categorizes bacteria whether it is gram (-) or gram (+) and if acid-fast bacilli or non-acid-fast bacilli

Answer 24

differential staining procedures

Question 25

its purpose is to kill the microorganisms and preserve their morphology

Answer 25

fixation process

Question 26

the technique of fixation wherein heat will distort bacterial morphology

Answer 26

heat fixation

Question 27

the standardized technique of fixation and the preferred method because it will not distort the bacterial morphology

Answer 27

methanol fixation

Question 28

most popular staining in microorganisms as it can divide bacteria from gram (-) and gram (+)

Answer 28

gram staining procedure

Question 29

primary stain for gram staining

Answer 29

crystal violet

Question 30

mordant that will accentuate the crystal-violet

Answer 30

iodine complex

Question 31

counterstain (ilalagay sa mga naging colorless na gram (-) bacteria kaya magiging reddish pink)

Answer 31

safranin

Question 32

causative agent of Lyme disease

Answer 32

Borrelia burgdorferi

Question 33

bacteria that are neither consistently purple nor pink after gram staining bc of its mycolic acid as their cell wall

Answer 33

gram-variable bacteria

Question 34

ex of gram-variable bacteria that is difficult to stain in gram stain because of mycolic acid as the cell wall

Answer 34

Mycobacterium

Question 35

gram-variable bacteria such as mycobacterium are often identified using ____

Answer 35

acid-fast stain

Question 36

utilizes carbol fuchsin as the primary stain and uses heat that will soften the wax of the mycolic acid

Answer 36

acid-fast stain

Question 37

organisms that resists decolorization by acid alcohol

Answer 37

acid-fast

Question 38

pag maraming bacilli = may tuberculosis TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 38

TRUE

Question 39

if a bacterium can "swim" it is said to be MOTILE true or false

Answer 39

TRUE

Question 40

BACTERIAL MOTILITY IS MOST OFTEN ASSOCIATED WITH _____

Answer 40

flagella

Question 41

cocci are generally nonmotile T OR F

Answer 41

true

Question 42

contains millions of microorganism

Answer 42

colony

Question 43

an important clue to the identification (speciation) of bacteria

Answer 43

colony morphology

Question 44

organisms that grow best in the presence of increased concentrations of CO2

Answer 44

capnophilic organisms

Question 45

bacteria that don't grow in the presence of oxygen - oxygen such as H2O2 is toxic for them - ex. clostridium

Answer 45

obligate anaerobes

Question 46

bacteria that live in the presence of O2 - ex mycobacterium tuberculosis that resides in our lungs - they can live with O2 bc they have the enzyme system: superoxide dismutase - can destroy superoxide radicals toxic for bacteria catalase - will hydrolyze H2O2

Answer 46

obligate aerobes

Question 47

fundamentally anaerobic but may live in the presence of O2

Answer 47

aerotolerant anaerobes

Question 48

requires only a small amount of O2 for growth | - too much O2 will saturate them

Answer 48

microaerophiles

Question 49

fundamentally aerobic but may live in the ABSENCE of O2

Answer 49

facultative anaerobes

Question 50

will support both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria - obligate aerobes -> surface - obligate anaerobes -> bottom of the tube

Answer 50

Thioglycollate broth (THIO)

Question 51

organisms with especially demanding nutritional requirements

Answer 51

fastidious

Question 52

can produce coagulase

Answer 52

staphylococci

Question 53

can produce streptokinase that can dissolve blood clot

Answer 53

streptococci

Question 54

causative agent for cholera

Answer 54

vibrio cholerae

Question 55

prevents phagocytosis

Answer 55

capsules

Question 56

bacterias that are obligate intracellular pathogens (can't survive without a living host)

Answer 56

rickettsias and chlamydias

Question 57

causes typhus fever and have leaky membrane

Answer 57

rickettsia

Question 58

are energy parasites (uses ATP molecules produced by the host cells to perform metabolic functions)

Answer 58

chlamydia

Question 59

smallest of the cellular microbes and are pleomorphic

Answer 59

mycoplasma

Question 60

in humans, pathogenic mycoplasmas cause ___

Answer 60

primary atypical pneumonia

Question 61

mycoplasmas are resistant to drugs like penicillin that attacks cell wall T or F

Answer 61

true bc they don't have cell wall

Question 62

photosynthesis that produces oxygen

Answer 62

oxygenic photosynthesis

Question 63

photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen

Answer 63

anoxygenic photosynthesis

Question 64

archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes than to bacteria t or f

Answer 64

true

Question 65

archaea possess cell walls but their cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan t or f

Answer 65

true