Chapter 4: Speech Science

Question 1

Central Nervous System

Answer 1

-Brain/Cerebrum -Spinal Cord -Cerebellum -Brainstem

Question 2

Cerebrum parts

Answer 2

-Corpus Callosum -Thalamus -Basal Ganglia -Hypothalamus -Amygdala -Hippocampus

Question 3

Which side of the Brain deals with words and language?

Answer 3

Left Brain

Question 4

Brain Stem

Answer 4

-Midbrain -Pons -Medulla

Question 5

Midbrain Damages

Answer 5

• Coma
• Parkinson’s

Question 6

Pons Damages

Answer 6

• Coma
• sleep disorder
• increased stress and anxiety levels

Question 7

Medulla Damages

Answer 7

• spinal cord injuries
• impact feeding tubes
• breathing and heart function
• swallowing

Question 8

Spinal Cord

Answer 8

-areas associated with location in vertebral column

Question 9

Peripheral NS

Answer 9

-Cranial Nerves -Spinal Nerves

Question 10

Motor Pathways

Answer 10

-Upper Motor Neurons -Lower Motor Neurons -Pyramidal Pathway -Extrapyramidal Pathway

Question 11

Pyramidal Pathways

Answer 11

• travels through pyramids in the medulla
• deals with FINE motor movements, small muscle groups

Question 12

Extrapyramidal Pathways

Answer 12

• do NOT enter pyramids in Medulla, these are those that do not cross over
• deals with GROSS motor movements, large muscle groups

Question 13

Contrallateral Innervation

Answer 13

• one area directing the other
• (Left controls RIght, Right controls Left)

Question 14

Respiratory System

Answer 14

-Lungs -Rib cage -Air Passageways -Diaphragm

Question 15

How many pairs of Ribs do we have?

Answer 15

12 pairs;

• 1-7 true vertebrae (sternum)
• 8-10 false vertebrae (cartilage)
• 11-12 floating vertebrae (spinal cord)

Question 16

Respiratory Cycle

Answer 16

-Boyle’s Law -Law of Gases -Inspiration and Expiration

Question 17

Inspiration

Answer 17

Inhalation of Air -Increase in lung vol -decrease in Lung pressure -Increase in air pressure outside the body

Question 18

Expiration

Answer 18

Exhalation -Decrease in lung vol -Increase in lung pressure -Decrease in air pressure outside the body

Question 19

Muscles of Respiration

Answer 19

Inspiratory -diaphragm -external intercostals Expiratory -Internal intercostals

Question 20

Bernoulli effect

Answer 20

-when the speed of airflow along a surface increases, the air pressure against that surface decreases. -as air rushes out btw the VF’s when they are blown apart, the pressure against their surfaces reduces, and they are sucked back together by the partial vacuum that is created. -the cycle repeats

Question 21

4 Lobes of the Brain

Answer 21

-Frontal -Parietal -Temporal -Occipital

Question 22

Frontal lobe

Answer 22

-speech production -motor movement -cognition

Question 23

Parietal lobe

Answer 23

-sensory language

Question 24

Temporal

Answer 24

-hearing -receptive language -Wornicke’s ?

Question 25

Occipital lobes

Answer 25

-vision

Question 26

How many spinal nerves do we have?

Answer 26

31 spinal nerves

Question 27

of sacral vertebrae

Answer 27

5 pelvic

Question 28

Types of Vertebrae

Answer 28

-Cervical -Thoracic -Lumbar -Sacral -Coccygeal

Question 29

of cervical vertebrae

Answer 29

7 neck

Question 30

of thoracic vertebrae

Answer 30

12 chest

Question 31

of lumbar vertebrae

Answer 31

5 lower back

Question 32

of coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 32

1 tailbone

Question 33

Aerodynamic Myoelastic Theory

Answer 33

Myo- means muscle; the vocal folds, after all, are mostly comprised of muscle tissue. The -elastic suffix serves to remind us that the vocal fold is elastic and that we have active control over its elastic properties

Question 34

Perceptual Quality

Answer 34

how you sound to the ear of the listener

Question 35

Phonation: Subglottal Pressure

Answer 35

important in vocalization, particlarly in sounds that use opening and closing of the glottis.